Chemotherapy Of Protozoal Infections

Question 1

It is seen most commonly among individuals living in poverty, crowded conditions, and areas of poor sanitation

Answer 1

Aamoebiasis

Question 2

3 genetically distinct species of Amoeba:

Answer 2

1. Enatmoeba dispar
2. Entamoeba moshkovskii
3. Entamoeba histolytica

Question 3

It is the 3rd leading cause of mortality by parasitic infection

Answer 3

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 4

Ingested E. histolytica cyst from contaminated food or water survive _______ and transform into ____ that reside in the _____

Answer 4

Acid gastric contents; trophozoites; large intestine

Question 5

Outcome of E. Histolytica caused by the invasion of trophozoites into the colonic mucosa with resulting colitis and bloody diarrhea (cause of blood streak)

Answer 5

Amebic Dysentery

Question 6

Outcome of E. Hystolytica caused by the invasion of trophozoite through the colonic mucosa, reaching the portal circulation and travel to the liver

Answer 6

Amenic liver abscess

Question 7

The cornerstone of therapy for amoebiasis

Answer 7

Metronidazole

Question 8

Analogue of metronidazole

Answer 8

Tinidazole

Question 9

It is one of the side effects of Metronidazole that is rare but may be more common among individuals receiving high doses of Metronidazole

Answer 9

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Question 10

Enumerate the 3 luminal agents:

Answer 10

1. Paramomycin
2. Iodoquinol
3. Diloxanide furoate

Question 11

These are used to treat asymptomatic individuals found to be infected with E. histolytica

Answer 11

Luminal agents

Question 12

Dosage of Paramomycin for ORAL administration

Answer 12

25-35 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses

Question 13

Diagnosis of Giardiasis is by identification of ________ in feces and ____ in duodenal contents

Answer 13

Cysts a d Trophozoites; Trophozoites

Question 14

Most common outcome of giardiadis

Answer 14

Asymptomatic carrier state

Question 15

Outcome of giardiasis charactetized by watery, foul-smelling stools, abdominal, distention and flatus

Answer 15

Acute self-limited diarrhea

Question 16

Outcome of giardiasis characterized by more than 2 weeks diarrhea, steatorrhea, and weight loss

Answer 16

Chronic diarrhea

Question 17

First line treatment of giardiasis

Answer 17

Tinidazole

Question 18

First line treatment of giardiasis for pregnant women to avoid mutagenic effects

Answer 18

Paramomycin

Question 19

Treatment of giardiasis for immuno-competent children less than 12 years old

Answer 19

Nitazoxanide, N-Nitrothiazolyl Salicylamide, Tinidazole

Question 20

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis is by identification of _____ in secretions

Answer 20

Trophozoites

Question 21

Drug of choice for trichomoniasis

Answer 21

Metronidazole

Question 22

Obligate Intracellular protozoan causing toxoplasmosis

Answer 22

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 23

immunocomptomised patients like AIDS patients are at risk at developing _______ from reactivation of tissue cysts deposited in the brain

Answer 23

Toxoplasmic encephalitis

Question 24

Most common finding of congenital toxoplasmosis which may present decades after exposure

Answer 24

Choriorenitis

Question 25

First line treatment for Taxoplasmosis

Answer 25

Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)+Sulfadiazine + Folinic Acid (Leucovorin)

Question 26

Can serve as a substitute for Sulfadiazin

Answer 26

Clindamycin

Question 27

Other alternative treatment for toxoplasmosis is the combination of ____

Answer 27

Azithromycin + Clarithromycin + Atovaquone + Dapsone

Question 28

Treatment of toxoplasmosis for pregnant women to prevent transmission to fetus

Answer 28

Spiramycin

Question 29

Cause of cryptosporidiosis

Answer 29

Cruptosporidium parvum/ Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 30

Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis for HIV px

Answer 30

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Question 31

First line treatment for Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 31

Nitazoxanide