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Chemotherapy Agents > chemotherapy agents > Flashcards

chemotherapy agents Flashcards

1
Q

Doxorubicin and Bleomycin belongs to which class of chemotherapy agents?

A

DNA intercalating drugs

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of doxorubicin?

A
  • Formation of free radicals –> DNA BREAKAGE
  • Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 -> Increase DNA degradation (dsDNA breaks) and decrease DNA replication.
    -DNA intercalation
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3
Q

What are the main clinical uses of doxorubicin?

A

-Breast cancer
-Metastic solid tumors
-Lymphomas
-kaposi Sarcoma
-Leukemias

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4
Q

What are the most common adverse effects of doxorubicin?

A

-Dilated cardiomyopathy (often irreversible)
-Acute toxicity: Nausea and vomiting
-Delayed toxicity: Alopecia, cardiotoxicity, myelosupression

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5
Q

Bleomycin mechanism of action:

A

-Induces formation of free radicals –> Breakage of DNA strand–> cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and M phase

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6
Q

Clinical uses of Bleomycin?

A

-SCC of the head and neck
-Testicular cancer
-Hodkin and non-Hodkin Lymphoma

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7
Q

Bleomycin Adverse Effects:

A

-Pulmonary Fibrosis
-Alopecia
-Myelosuppression
-Acute toxicity: Fever, allergic rxns
-Skin Hyperpigmentation

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8
Q

Etiposide and Teniposide are classified as:?

A

DNA Topoisomerase II inhibitors

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Etoposide and Teniposide?

A

Inhibits topoisomerase II

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10
Q

What are the clinical uses of Etoposide and Teniposide?

A

-Small cell lung cancer
-Testicular carcinoma
-non Hodking Lymphoma

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Etoposide and Teniposide:

A

-Myelosuppression
-Alopecia
-Acute toxicity: Mild nausea and vomiting
-Delayed toxicity: Alopecia, myelosuppression

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12
Q

Irinotecan and Topotecan are classified as?

A

Topoisomerase I inhibitors

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13
Q

MoA of Irinotecan and Topotecan:

A

Inhibit topoisoomerase I “TecONE’

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14
Q

Clinical uses of Irinotecan and Topotecan?

A

-Colon
Breasts, Ovarian, Small cell lung cancer

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15
Q

What are the most common adverse effects of Irinotecan and Topotecone?

A

-Severe myelosuppression
-Diarrhea
-Acute toxicity: Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
-Delayed toxicity: Myelosuppression

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16
Q

Vincristine/Vinablastine (Vinca alkaloids) and Panclitaxel/Docetaxel (Taxanes) are classified as:

A

Mitotic inhibitors

17
Q

Vincristine and Vinblastine Mechanism of action:

A

Bind B-tubulin and inhibits its polymerization into microtubules –> Prevention of mitotic spindle formation

18
Q

Clinical uses of Vinblastine and Vincristine?

A

-Solid tumors
- Hematologic cancers (ALL and Hodking and non-Hodking)

19
Q

Adverse effects of Vincristine:

A

-Neurotoxicity: (areflexia, peripheral neuropathy)
-Constipation (paralytic ileum)

20
Q

Vinblastine Adverse Effects:

A

-Myelosuppression
-Acute toxicity: Usual well tolerated
-Delayed toxicity: Alopecia, mild myelosuppression, neurotoxicity

21
Q

Paclitaxel and Docetaxel MoA:

A

Hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules –> Prevent mitotic spindle breakdown

22
Q

Paclitaxel and Docetaxel Target:

A

-Tubulin beta chain-1 inhibitor
-Apoptosis regulator BCL-2 inhibitor

23
Q

Clinical uses of Paclitaxel and Docetaxel:

A

Varoius tumors (e.g., OVARIAN and breast carcinoma)

24
Q

Paclitaxel and Docetaxel Adverse Effects:

A

Myelosuppression, neuropathy, Hypersensitivity

Acute toxicity: Usually well tolerated
Delayed toxicity: Alopecia, Mild myelosuppression, Neurotoxicity

25
Q

Imatinib is a:

A

Small molecule inhibitor (Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor)

26
Q

Imatinib MoA:

A

Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor that inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (the constitutive Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in CML.

27
Q

Imatinib clinical uses:

A

-CML
-ALL
-Malignant Gastrointestinal stromal tumors

28
Q

Imatinib Adverse Effects:

A

-Myelosuppression
-↑ LFTs
-Edema
-Myalgias

29
Q

Bortezominab and Carfilzominab are?

A

Proteasome inhibitors

30
Q

Bortezominab and Carfilzominab MoA:

A

The drug prevents the degradation and recycling of proteins by the proteasome of cancer cells, leading to protein accumulation and cell death.

31
Q

Bortezominab and Carfilzominab Clinical uses:

A

-Multiple myeloma
-Mantle cell Lymphoma

32
Q

Rituximab and Cetuximab are which type of cancer therapy?

A

Anticancer monoclonal antibodies

33
Q

Adverse Effects of Bortezominab and Carfilzominab:

A

-Peripheral neuropathy
-Herpes zoster reactivation

34
Q

Rituximab MoA:

A

Work against extracellular targets to neutralize them or to promote immune system recognition. Eliminated by macrophages (not cleared by kidneys or liver)

Target: CD20 antigen

35
Q

Clinical uses of Rituximab:

A

-Non-Hodking Lymphoma
-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
-Rheumatic Arthritis in combination with methotrexate
-Granulomatosis with Polyangitis, etc.

36
Q

Adverse reactions of rituximab:

A

Infusion reaction due to cytokine release following interaction of rituximab with its target on B cells

37
Q

Cetuximab MoA:

A

Binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) on both normal and tumor cells

Target: EGFR

38
Q

Cetuximab Clinical Use:

A

Binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) on both normal and tumor cells

39
Q

Adverse effects of cetuximab

A

-Rash
-Elevated LFTs
-Diarrhea

Chemotherapy Agents (2 decks)

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