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Royal College PHO > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkylating Agents

A
  1. Nitrogen Mustards - cyclophosphamide ifosphamide, melphalan
  2. Nitrosoureas - Lomustine (CCNU), carmustine.
  3. Platinums - carbo, cis, oxaliplatin
  4. Busulfan
  5. Methylating agents - free radical formation - dacarbazine, procarbazine temozolomide.
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2
Q

Antimetabolites

A
  1. Folate analogues - interfere with folate metabolism - MTX
  2. Pyridamide analogues - inhibid DNA polymerase - ARA-C, Fluorouracil, HU
  3. Purine analogues - block purine synthesis and interconversion - 6-MP, 6-TG fludarabine, clofarabine, cladribine, nelarabine
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3
Q

Antibiotics

A

Includes dactinomycin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, and bleomycin.

Mechanism: intercalation, DNA strand brakes via topoisomerase II, free radical formation

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4
Q

Plant Products

A
  1. Vinca alkaloids - Vincristine, vinblastine, venoralbine - block microtubule polymerization thus inhibiting mitosis
  2. Texans - paclitaxxel, docetaxel - microtubule inhibitor
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5
Q

Topoisomerase inhibitors

also plant based

A
  1. Camptothecins - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors - topotecan, irinotecan
    * irinotecan is a prodrug, converted the liver and GI tract to be more potent, conjugated in the liver bu UGT1A1. Deficiency in this (Gilbert, Criigler Najjar), or inhibitors (valproate) increase toxicity.
  2. Epipodophllotoxines - Topoisomerase II inhibitor - VP16
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6
Q

Asparaginase

A

Depletes asparagine. Tumour cells are sensitive to this and cannot up regulate asparagine synthase.

Decreases protein synthesis so antithrombin, protein c and s depletion all lead to potential thrombosis.

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7
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Receptor mediated lympholysis, apoptosis by binding to intracellular receptors.

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8
Q

Retinoids

A

APL and NBL have a role for this. These are differentiating agents. T

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9
Q

Arsenic

A

Leads to apoptosis, degradation of PML-RARa. Side effects include QT prolongation, convulsions, dermatitis, and hepatotoxicity.

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10
Q

Interferon a

A

This is antiangiogenic. It leads to activation of immune cells. Frequently with fevers, riggers. Poorly tolerated from a side effect standpoint.

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11
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A
  1. Rituximab - anti CD20
  2. Gemtuzumab - anti CD33
  3. Alemtuzumab - anti CD52
  4. bevacizumab - anti VEGF
  5. Ipilumab - CTLA4 inhibition
  6. Brentuzimab - anti CD30
  7. Blinatumumab - BiTe CD19-CD3
  8. Nivolumab - PD-1
  9. Pembrolizumab - PDL1 inhibitor
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12
Q

Kinase inhibitors

A
  1. Imatinib/dasatinib - TKIs,
  2. Pazopanib - VEGFR
  3. Sunitinib - C-KIT
  4. Trametinib - MEK inhibitor
  5. Vorinostat - HDAC
  6. Bortezomib - Proteasome
  7. Crizotinib - ALK inhibitor
  8. Sirolimus/everolimus - mTOR inhibitors
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Royal College PHO (4 decks)

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