Chemotherapy Flashcards

0
Q

Goals of chemo

A

Treat diffuse hematological cancers (leukemias, lymphoma)
Addition to surgery or radiation of solid tumors
Palliative therapy
Kill 100% of tumor cells

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1
Q

Neoplastic cell growth

A
Loss of control of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis
Multistep process
     Carcinogens and genetics
     Increased oncogenes
     Decreased tumor suppressor genes
Process dependent on angiogenesis
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2
Q

Selective toxicity of chemo

A

Kills rapidly dividing cells

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3
Q

Combination therapy used to overcome…

A

Drug resistance
Drug toxicity
Inability to suppress metastasis

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4
Q

Major classes of antineoplastic drugs

A
Alkylating agents
Mitotic inhibitors
Anti-tumor antibiotics 
Antimetabolites 
Topoisomerase inhibitor 
Targeted agents
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5
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Highly reactive drug/drug metabolite covalently binds (alkylates) DNA
Most effective against rapidly dividing cells

Cyclophosphamide, cisplatin

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6
Q

Cyclophosphamide, cisplatin

A

Alkylating agents

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7
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Analogs of endogenous precursors of DNA and RNA, prevent Nucleic acid synthesis

Effective in S phase

Methotrexate

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8
Q

Methotrexate

A

Antimetabolite

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9
Q

Anti tumor antibiotics

A

Intercalation of DNA - insert between base pairs
Cell cycle nonspecific
Doxorubicin
SE: cardio toxicity

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10
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Anti tumor antibiotic

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11
Q

Mitotic inhibitors

A

Cause cell cycle arrest in metaphase

Vincristine, paclitaxel

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12
Q

Vincristine, paclitaxel

A

Mitotic inhibitors

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13
Q

Topoisomerase inhibitors

A

Relieve torsional strain caused by unwinding of DNA by cutting and resealing DNA strands - cause permanent strand breaks

S phase specific
Irinotecan

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14
Q

Irinotecan

A

Topoisomerase inhibitor

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15
Q

Targeted agents

A

Monoclonal antibodies
Bind to receptors involved in cell growth
Rituximab

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Inhibit tyr kinases involved in cancer cell signal transduction
Imatinib

16
Q

Rituximab

A

Target agent

Monoclonal antibody - binds to proteins/receptors involved in cell growth

17
Q

Imatinib

A

Inhibit tyrosine kinase - associated with cancer cell signal transduction

18
Q

Major side effects

A
Bone marrow suppression 
    Thrombocytopenia - reduced platelets
    Neutropenia - reduced WBC
    Anemia - loss of erythrocytes 
GI effects 
    Stomatitis
    Diarrhea
    Nausea and vomiting 
Alopecia
Secondary tumors