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MRCP Part 1 > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide?

A

Alkylating agent

Attach an alkyl group to DNA at guanine, causing increased error rate and cell toxicity

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2
Q

What are the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide?

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosuppression
Transitional cell carcinoma

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bleomycin?

A

Degrades preformed DNA

Involves single-stranded scission of DNA

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4
Q

What are the side effects of bleomycin?

A

Lung fibrosis

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anthracyclines? (e.g. doxorubicin)

A

Stabilises DNA topoisomerase II complex

-Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

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6
Q

What are the side effects of anthracyclines?

A

Cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

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8
Q

What are the side effects of methotrexate?

A

Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Liver fibrosis
Lung fibrosis

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Fluorouracil (5-FU)?

A

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase

Works during S phase.

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10
Q

What are the side effects of Fluorouracil (5-FU)?

A

Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Dermatitis

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of 6-mercaptopurine?

A

Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis

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12
Q

What are the side effects of 6-mercaptopurine?

A

Myelosuppression

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cytarabine?

A

Pyrimidine antagonist.

Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase

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14
Q

What are the side effects of cytarabine?

A

Myelosuppression

Ataxia

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of vincristine and vinblastine?

A

Inhibits formation of microtubules

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of docetaxel?

A

Prevents microtubule depolymerisation and disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

17
Q

What are the side effects of vincristine and vinblastine?

A

Vincristine: peripheral neuropathy (reversible), paralytic ileus

Vinblastine: myelosuppression

18
Q

What are the side effects of docetaxel?

A

Neutropenia

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of irinotecan?

A

Inhibits topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA

20
Q

What are the side effects of irinotecan?

A

Myelosuppression

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cisplatin?

A

Causes cross linking of DNA

Reacts with 2 different positions creating an intra- or inter- strand cross link which blocks DNA replication

22
Q

What are the side effects of cisplatin?

A

Ototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypomagnesaemia

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)?

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

24
Q

What are the side effects of Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)?

A

Myelosuppression

MRCP Part 1 (11 decks)

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