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Pharmacology > Chemotherapeutics > Flashcards

Chemotherapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of vincristine and vinblastine

A

Binds to tubulin in mitotic spindle preventing cell division in metaphase
Also prevents purine synthesis

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2
Q

Side effects of vincristine

A

myelosuppression (less severe than vinblastine)
thrombocytosis!- used for ITP
neuro signs- proprioception deficits, hyporeflexia
ileus–> constipation
V/D/anorexia
increased liver enzymes
alopecia
skin irritation/necrosis/sloughing w/ extravasation

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3
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine & doxorubicin should be used with caution in patients with ____________ gene mutation due to stimulation of P-glycoprotein.

A

ABCB1 gene mutation

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4
Q

Side effects of vinblastine

A

Vomiting
myelosuppression (greater than vincristine)
tissue irritation/cellulitis w/ extravasation
alopecia
ileus

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5
Q

Vincristine/vinblastine can be used to treat which type of common skin tumor?

A

Mastocytomas (vinblastine>vincristine)

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6
Q

MOA of mitoxantrone

A

Binds to DNA and inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis

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7
Q

Side effects of mitoxantrone

A

dose-dependent GI (V/D/anorexia) and myelosuppression
lethargy
seizures in cats

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8
Q

MOA of doxorubicin

A

inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis

also has antimicrobial effects

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9
Q

Side effects of doxorubicin

A

cardio toxic!- avoid in breeds sensitive to cardiomyopathy
myelosuppression
alopecia
V/D
immediate type I hypersensitivity- urticaria/angioedema
serious extravasation injury

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10
Q

MOA of asparginase

A

Enzyme which breaks down aspargine, aspargine is needed for DNA synthesis–> neoplastic cells can’t produce on own so they die
Also has anti-viral effects

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11
Q

Side effects of asparginase

A

hypersensitivity reaction: V/D, urticaria, pruritus, dyspnea, hypotension, collapse

protein synthesis- hemorrhagic pancreatitis, GI, hepatotoxicity

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12
Q

MOA of toceranib

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor- inhibits VEGF, PDGF beta and Kit receptors

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13
Q

Side effects of toceranib

A 
diarrhea/anorexia
weight loss
bloody stool
pruritus
nasal depigmentation/change in skin or haircoat color
vasculitis
seizures
pancreatitis
epistaxis
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14
Q

Which types of cutaneous neoplasms can toceranib be used to treat?

A

melanoma
mastocytoma
feline injection site sarcoma

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15
Q

What is the Oncept vaccine?

A

a DNA plasmid containing human gene tyrosinase (xenogenic)

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16
Q

What is the MOA of the Oncept vaccine?

A

human tyrosinase stimulates anti-tumor humoral and cellular immune responses

17
Q

Side effects of the Oncept vaccine

A

fever

18
Q

MOA of cisplatin and carboplatin

A

not fully understood; produces crosslinkages in DNA (similar to other alkylating agents)

19
Q

Side effects of cisplatin

A 
vomiting
ototoxicity
diarrhea/anorexia
myelosuppression
nephrotoxicity
seizures
anaphylactoid reactions
20
Q

Intralesional cisplatin or carboplatin can be used in horses to treat which type of tumor?

A

sarcoids

21
Q

Cisplatin should not be used in which species? Why?

A

felines due to pulmonary toxicosis (dyspnea, hydrothorax, pulmonary edema, mediastinal edema, death)

22
Q

Side effects of carboplatin

A

V/D/anorexia
myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia/neutropenia)
anaphylactoid reaction
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity/hepatotoxicity/neuropathy- less likely than cisplatin

23
Q

MOA of masitinib

A

inhibits receptor tyrosine kinase; competitively binds the receptor’s ATP-binding site of the intracellular kinase domain–> inhibits phosphorylation and activation of receptor

cKit, PDGF, cytoplasmic kinase Lyn, FGF, focal adhesion kinase receptors

24
Q

Side effects of masitinib

A 
V/D/anorexia
elevated ALT
alopecia
lethargy
lymphadenopathy
myelosuppression (neutropenia, anemia)
renal toxicity
25
Q

MOA of piroxicam

A

anti-tumor: due to action on immune system and NOT tumor cells

anti-inflammatory: inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

26
Q

Side effects of piroxicam

A 
GI ulceration
renal papillary necrosis
pruritus/rash due to hypersensitivity
otic- tinnitus
elevated liver enzymes

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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