Chemotherapeutic Agents

Question 1

Dosing

Answer 1

You want to minimize toxicity but maximize the dose tolerated by the animal (based on BSA/m2)

Question 2

What is Meteronomic chemotherapy

Answer 2

Low-dose continuous chemotherapy

Prevents tumour-cell rebound

Question 3

When are anti emetics used? What are used for mild forms? Severe forms?

Answer 3

Not as often as in human medicine
Vomiting and nausea can be concerning
Mild/moderate: butorphanol or metocloparmide
Severe: 5-HT blockers ondansetron or dolesetron
or maropitant (approved) Neuro-kinin 1 antagonist

Question 4

Appetite stimulants (mostly for anorexia in cats)

Answer 4

Cyproheptadine
Metoclopramide
Megestrol acetate
Mirtazapine

Question 5

Metoclopramide

Answer 5

an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent. It is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting, to facilitate gastric emptying in people with gastroparesis, and as a treatment for the gastric stasis often associated with migraine headaches.

Question 6

Extravasation of chemotheraputics - what do you do?

Answer 6

If there is swelling and problems
infiltrate the area with sodium chloride & decamethasone
Hot or cold pack for 1-2 days.
Hyaluronidase injected into affected area

Question 7

Side effects of cyclophosphamide

Answer 7

alopecia for breeds with continuously growing hair, vomiting

Question 8

Chlorambucin

Answer 8

nitrogen mustard derivate

Substitute for cyclophosphamide

Question 9

What is Melphalan

Answer 9

answer

Question 10

Doxorubicin

Answer 10

Gets in between DNA strands, interchelates, causes damage to the synthesis
Produces free radicals via an iron-doxorubicin complex
Produces a dose limiting cardiotoxicity