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104 > Chemotherapeautic agents > Flashcards

Chemotherapeautic agents Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘Chemotherapeutic agent’

A

A product that inhibits the necessary bacterial processes, causing a decrease in cell metabolism or a loss of cell function.

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2
Q

What is the function of chemotherapeautic agents?

A

Allow the tooth surface to remain free of targeted microorganisms for a measureable period of time.

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3
Q

Chlorhexidine gluconate clinical uses

A
  • Reduces subgingival plaque formation
  • Prevents gingivitis
  • supportive therapy when mechanical removal of plaque is limited?
  • Pre-operative rinse
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4
Q

What are potential side effects of chlorhexidine gluconate?

A
  • Staining (prolonged use)
  • Taste alteration
  • Burning sensation
  • Xerostomia
  • Increased calculus deposition
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5
Q

What is the active ingredient in Savacol

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate

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6
Q

What is the active ingredient in cervitec gel?

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate, fluoride

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7
Q

What is the active ingredient in cervitec liquid?

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate, essential oils, xylitol

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8
Q

What is chlorhexidine gluconate’s mode of action?

A
  • Bacteria/fungi cidal
  • Promotes cell wall lysis
  • Binds to hydroxyapatite & glycoproteins- inhibits formation of pellicle
  • May interfere with ability of cell to attach to tooth surface
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9
Q

What may interact with/inactivate chlorhexidine gluconate?

A

Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)

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10
Q

What are some active ingredients of essential oils?

A
  • Thymol
  • Eucalyptol
  • Menthol
  • Methyl Salicylate
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11
Q

What is the mode of action for essential oils?

A
  • Bacterial cell wall disruption via removal of proteins
  • Inactivation of essential enzymes
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12
Q

What is the clinical use of essential oils?

A
  • reduce plaque formation
  • Prevents gingivitis
  • Adjunct to daily mechanical plaque removal
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13
Q

What are some potential side effects of essential oils?

A
  • Advantageous over chlorhexidine as side effects are reduced
  • Alcohol content may produce burning sensation
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14
Q

What is the active ingredient of Listerine mouthwash?

A

Essential oils

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15
Q

What is the mode of action of Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC)

A
  • Surfactant that reduces bacterial adherence to enamel
  • Integrates into cell wall causing lysis
  • Decreases bacterial metabolism
  • Reduces bacterial aggregation
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16
Q

What are some clinical uses of Cetylpyridinium Chloride?

A
  • Reduces plaque
  • Mixed results reducing gingivitis
  • Adjunct to adequate removal of plaque
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17
Q

What is the active ingredient in Colgate plax?

A

Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Sodium benzoate

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18
Q

What is the active ingredient in Oral B mouthwash?

A

Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Sodium benzoate

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19
Q

What is the active ingredient in Listerine children’s mouthwash?

A

Cetylpyridinium Chloride

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20
Q

What is the mode of action of Sodium benzoate?

A

-Preservative: inhibits bacterial growth
- Surfactant: disperses lipids, reducing bacterial adherence to enamel making plaque easier to brush away.

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21
Q

What are some clinical uses of Sodium Benzoate?

A
  • Reduces plaque
  • Adjunct to adequate removal of plaque deposits
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22
Q

What is the mode of action of oxygenating agents (peroxyl)

A
  • Foaming action aids in mechanical debridement of calculus
  • Releases oxygen, inhibiting growth of anaerobic microorganisms
23
Q

What are some clinical uses of oxygenating agents\?

A
  • Treatment of acute ulcerative conditions
  • Denture related pain
  • Orthodontic appliance related pain
  • Stain removal
24
Q

What is the active ingredient of oxygenating agents?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

25
Q

What are some side effects of Oxygenating agents (hydrogen peroxide)?

A
  • Spongy gingiva
  • Black hairy tongue
  • Root sensitivity
  • Enamel demineralisation due to product acidity
26
Q

What is the active ingredient of Colgate peroxyl?

A

Hydrogen peroxide (oxygenating agent)

27
Q

What is the mode of action of Neutrafluor (220, 900, 5000)?

A
  • Sodium fluoride promotes the remineralisation of enamel and inhibits demin through deposition of fluoride ions into the enamel
28
Q

What is the active ingredient of Neutrafluor?

A

Sodium fluoride

29
Q

Who should neutrafluor 220/900 mouthwash be prescribed to?

A

Orthodontic patients at risk of caries, athletes consuming energy

30
Q

Who should neutrafluor 5000 toothpaste be prescribed to?

A

High caries risk patients, patients with root caries, patients with xerostomia

31
Q

What are some side effects of Neutrafluor?

A
  • Burning mouth
  • GI (stomach) upset
32
Q

What is the clinical action of stannous fluoride?

A
  • Antiplaque properties
  • Reduces inflammation
  • Tin from stannous ions enters cell and alters metabolism
  • Affects growth and adherence of bacteria (antibacterial version of fluoride)
33
Q

What is the active ingredient of Gel-kam?

A

Stannous fluoride

34
Q

How does red seal baking soda toothpaste work?

A
  • very abrasive
  • very basic
  • neutralises acids produced by acidogenic bacteria
35
Q

What is the clinical action of Caesin phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)?

A
  • Reduces risk of demineralisation
  • Increases remineralisation
  • Encourages fluoride uptake
36
Q

When might tooth mousse (CPP-ACP) be prescribed?

A

For patients with reduced salivary flow, or patients that don’t get enough fluoride/dont use a fluoride toothpaste

37
Q

How does xylitol work?

A
  • Inhibits streptococcus mutans
  • Not fermented by cariogenic bacteria
  • Alters adherent properties of bacteria
  • Inhibits new colonisation
38
Q

When would Biotene be prescribed, how does it work, and what is its active ingredient?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Humectants, lubricants, moisturisers
  • Sodium fluoride
39
Q

When would colgate dry mouth relief be prescribed, how does it work, and what is the active ingredient?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • humectants etc.
  • Sodium fluoride
40
Q

What are some points to consider when prescribing medications?

A
  • Allergies
  • Sodium content (diets)
  • Alcohol content
  • Fluoride content
  • Manufacturer directions
  • Changes to composition of products
41
Q

What is the active ingredient in sensodyne rapid relief, how does it work?

A
  • Strontium acetate+fluoride
  • Occludes the dentinal tubules (quite quickly)
42
Q

What is the active ingredient in Sensodyne repair and protect and how does it work?

A
  • Novamin bioglass+stannous fluoride
  • occludes dentinal tubules and builds up on tooth, stannous fluoride is antibacterial
43
Q

What is the active ingredient in sensodyne pronamel and how does it work?

A
  • Potassium nitrate
  • Sodium fluoride
  • Potassium goes into tubules and desensitises
44
Q

What is the active ingredient in sensodyne mouthwash and how does it work?

A
  • Potassium nitrate
  • Sodium fluoride
  • Potassium goes into tubules and desensitises
45
Q

What is the active ingredient in colgate sensitive and how does it work

A
  • Sodium citrate/potassium citrate/potassium nitrate
  • Sodium monofluorophosphate
  • floods tubules and desensitises
46
Q

What is the active ingredient in colgate sensitive pro relief and how does it work?

A
  • Arginine+high fluoride
  • Occludes dentinal tubules
47
Q

What is the active ingredient in Colgate sensitive pro relief repair and prevent and how does it work?

A

-Arginine: floods tubules
- Calcium carbonate binds to hydroxyapatite ‘repairing’
- sodium monofluorophosphate

48
Q

What is the active ingredient in macleans sensitive and how does it work?

A

Strontium acetate
occludes dentinal tubules

49
Q

What is the active ingredient in gelkam and prevent and how does it work?

A

Stannous fluoride

50
Q

What is the active ingredient in duraphat and how does it work?

A

Sodium fluoride (high conc 22600ppm)
Increases surface fluoride and occludes dentinal tubules

51
Q

What is the active ingredient in superseal and how does it work?

A

Potassium oxalate
Reacts with hydroxyapatite, leaving a granular precipitate in dentinal tubules

52
Q

When might superseal be used?

A

When a patient has exposed dentine

53
Q

What is the active ingredient in enamel pro varnish and prevent and how does it work?

A
  • sodium fluoride, amorphous calcium phosphate
  • stimulates remin of enamel, reduces risk of demin, desensitises dentine (occludes tubules)

104 (5 decks)

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