Chemo Treatments Flashcards by emilly laz

Alkylating Agents Examples

” atin & mide” Cyclophosphamide
Carboplatin
Cisplatin
Bendamustine
Oxaliplatin
Temozolomide

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Alkylating Agents Side Effects

mucositis- mouth sores
alopecia- hair loss
pancytopenia- low WBC, rbc, platelets
sterility

DANGER : ototoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis

Bad for Nephro and Hepatic

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What do Alkylating agents do?

DNA damage across ALL cells ( even the good ones)

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Nursing intervention for Alkylating Agents

Monitor temp
Assess skin + mental staus

Contraindicated with pts with liver, kidney and GI disorders

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Antimetabolite Agents Examples

” Bine” capecitabine, cytarbine, decitabine, methotrexate, Flurouracil, Azacitidine,hydroxye
Pemetrexed,Lonsurf, Gemcitabine

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Antimetabolites function?

Disrupt DNA/RNA synthesis during cell division ( S phase)

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Antimetabolites side effects

Mucositis
AT risk for GI bleed
nausea/ vomiting

DANGER: Nephrotoxic, hepatoxic, pulmonary edema

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Antimetabolites nursing interventions

Monitor temp-infection
monitory dyspnea and cough
monitor nutrition and fluid intake

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Antimetbolities lab monitoring

CBC, electrolytes, kindney and LFT

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Alkylating agents lab monitoring

Monitor cbc, uric acid, kidney and LFT

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Antitumor Antibiotics examples

” icin” Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin,Dactinomycin, Bleomycin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone, idarubicin, anthracyclines

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Antitumor Antibiotic side effects

Pancytopenia- decrease in WBC, RBC, Platelets
Alopecia-hair loss
Mucositis,
Pulmonary Fibrosis(Bleomycin)

Cardiotoxic, Hepatotoxic

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Antimetabolite PT education

Use electric razor
use soft toothbrush
avoid flossing
use shoes- neuropathy

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Antitumor Antibiotic Pt Education

Doxorubicin: causes red pee

Teach about sterility
Monitoring temp

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Antitumor function

Alters DNA structure

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Antitumor monitor labs

CBC and electrolyte

Cardiovascular, respiratory and neurologic status

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Topoisomerase inhibitor function

stops multiplication and causes the cancer cells to kill themselves

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Topoisomerase Inhibitors examples

” side & can “ Epoposide, irintecan, topotecan, teniposide

Topoisomerase inhibitor side effects

Taste changes ( BIG ONE): tell them to eat with a plastic spoon to decrease the metallic taste

Monitor bleeding & infection

access nutritional status

Topoisomerase inhibitor nursing intervention

Monitor bleeding
Signs of infection
Assess nutritonal and fluid intake

Topoisomerase inhibitor lab monitoring

CNC and LFT

Monitor neurologic and cardio status

Mitotic inhibitors function

Stop cancer from growing, may affect other cells as well

By inhibiting mitosis

Mitotic inhibitors examples

” tine & axel” Vincristine, Vinbilastine panlitaxel, docetaxel, cabazitaxel,

Mitotic inhibitors side effects

Pancytopenia
Alopenia
mucositis
weight loss, allergic reaction
Peripheral neurpathy

Nuring intevention lab monitor

CBC and LFT Montior neurlogic and cardio status

Mitotic inhibitors Pt education

Neuropathy: assess what their finger and toes feel like Nurses want to promote independence Weight loss

Hormonal therapy Types

Surgery and Drug therapy

What are the 3 things keep in mind about hormonal therapy

changes the level of hormones in the body Complementary therapy Treatment based on the type of cancer and hormonal status

Hormonal therapy meds

Anastrezole exemestane, cetrozone tamoxifen (ERPR need to be positive) Abiraterone, enzalutamide,aromatase inhibitors, leuprolide, goserlin, bicalutamide coticorsteriods

Hormonal Therapy side effects

Hot flashes/ night sweats loss of muscles mass-atrophy weight change loss of sex drive osteoporosis fatigue HIGH RISK FOR BLOOD CLOTS, STROKE, MI, UTERINE CANCER

Hormonal therapy lab monitoring

Monitor CBC and Calcium

Hormonal Therapy PT education

NOT to stop medication unless directed by provider weight loss sex drive is lost

Immunotherapy function

Help body produce cancer-fighting immune cells Destroy cancer cells

Types of immunotherapy (5)

Checkpoint inhibitors Tcell transfer therapy Monoclonal antibodies Cancer vaccines( HPV) immune system modulators

Immunotherapy meds (4)

" mide and 1 mod" Thalidomide Lenalidomide Pomalidomide Imiquimod

Immunotherapy side effects

Fatigue rash diarrhea Nausea/vomiting DECREASED THYROID LEVELS

Targeted therapy function

Blocks signal for cancer growth to prevent it from growing Stops making new blood vessels to feed cancer cells Change proteins in cancer cells so they die Carry toxins to cancer cells

Target therapy patho

Attacks the EGFR protein

Targets therapy side effects

May feel burnt Thinning hair skin color / hair change to yellow hypertension red dry tender eyes blood clotting problems cardiac damage food hand syndrome

Targeted therapy monitor

Monitor electrolytes infection fluid intake nutrition capillary leak syndrome respiratory staus

Radiation therapy Function

ONLY treatment for cancer

Types of radiation (2)

external Beam- most common, proton therapy: directed on the tumor internal- brachytherapy( implanted prostate, cervical or vaginal), gamma knife( head, neck)

radiation therapy types ( 2)

Neoadjuvant therapy- Before surgery to shrink the tumor Adjuvant Therapy- Post-surgical to stop the growth of remaining cancer cells