Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COM Heme and Lymph Exam 1 > Chemo Pharm > Flashcards

Chemo Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A
  1. Alkylating agent (bis-chloroethyl amine)
  2. Aldophosphamide generates cytotoxic metabolites
  3. Adverse effects-hemorrhagic cystitis, need IV hydration during therapy
  4. Uses: NHL, lymphoid malignancies, breast and ovarian cancers, solid pediatric tumors, Burkitts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechlorethamine

A
  1. Alkylating agent (bis-chloroethyl amine)
  2. Topical tx for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
  3. Rarely used today b/c it is so reactive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Melphalan

A
  1. Alkylating agent (bis-chloroethyl amine)
  2. Only given IV
  3. Adverse effects-mostly hematological
  4. Use: multiple myeloma (+ dexamethasone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chlorambucil

A
  1. Alkylating agent (bis-chloroethyl amine)
  2. Given orally
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, but well tolerated
  4. Use CLL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 4 bis-chloroethyl amine alkylating agents

A

Cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan, chlorambucil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carmustine

A
  1. Alkylating agent (nitrosourea)
  2. Alkylates DNA, lipophilic so crosses BBB
  3. Adverse effects-profound myelosuppression
  4. Use: malignant gliomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Streptozocin

A
  1. Alkylating agent (nitrosourea)
  2. High affinity for cells in islets of Langerhans
  3. Adverse effects-nausea, renal/hepatic toxicity
  4. Uses: Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, carcinoid tumors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 2 Nitrosourea alkylating agents

A

Carmustine, Streptozocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thiotepa

A
  1. Alkylating agent (aziridine)
  2. Crosslinks DNA via hepatic CYPs
  3. Adverse effects-mucosal and CNS toxicity, coma, seizure
  4. Use: transplants for hematological malignancies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Busulfan

A
  1. Alkylating agent (alkylsulfonate)
  2. Alkylates DNA?
  3. Adverse effects-Myelosuppression; Pulmonary fibrosis, GI mucosal damage, hepatic VOD at high dose
  4. Use: CML
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the aziridine and alkylsulfonate alkylating agents

A

Thiotepa, Busulfan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Procarbazine

A
  1. Alkylating agent (non-classic)
  2. Methylates DNA, produces chromosome breaks
  3. Adverse effects-carcinogenic potential, increased risk secondary cancer, augments sedative effects
  4. Uses: Hodgkin disease, gliomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dacarbazine

A
  1. Alkylating agent (non-classic)
  2. Methylating agent
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, severe N/V
  4. Uses: HODGKINS, melanoma, adult sarcoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bendamustine

A
  1. Alkylating agent (non-classic)
  2. Crosslinks DNA, inhibits mitotic checkpoints
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, mucositis
  4. Uses: CLL, NHL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the 3 non-classic alkylating agents

A

Procarbazine, dacarbazine, bendamustine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cisplatin

A
  1. Alkylating agent (platinum analog)
  2. Crosslinks DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis/function
  3. Adverse effects-Nephrotoxicity (prevent with hydration and Cl diuresis), Ototoxcity, N/V, neuropathy, anaphylaxis
  4. Uses: Testicular, ovarian, head and neck, cervix, endometrium, lung, rectal and anal carcinomas; childhood neoplasms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carboplatin

A
  1. Alkylating agent (platinum analog)
  2. Crosslinks DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis/function
  3. Adverse effects-BETTER tolerated than cisplatin, thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity
  4. Uses: Ovarian cancer, SCLC, alternative to cisplatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oxaliplatin

A
  1. Alkylating agent (platinum analog)
  2. Crosslinks DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis/function
  3. Adverse effects-neurotoxicity, possible leukemia and pulmonary fibrosis
  4. Colorectal and gastric cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the 3 platinum analog alkylating agents

A

Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Methotrexate

A
  1. Antimetabolite (antifolate)
  2. Inhibits THF, interferes with DNA/RNA/proteins
  3. Adverse effects-multiple drug-drug interactions
  4. Uses: breast cancer, head and neck cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, CNS lymphoma, NHL, bladder cancer, choriocarcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pemetrexed

A
  1. Antimetabolite (antifolate)
  2. Activity in S-phate, inhibits TS
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, rash, mucositis, diarrhea, fatigue, hand-foot syndrome
  4. Uses: mesothelioma, NSCLC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pralatrexate

A
  1. Antimetabolite (antifolate)
  2. Inhibits DHFR, TS, other enzymes
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, rash, mucositis, diarrhea, fatigue
  4. Use: relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the 3 antifolate antimetabolites

A

Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Pralatrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

A
  1. Antimetabolite (fluoropyrimidine)
  2. Inhibits DNA synthesis, interferes with RNA processing
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, GI toxicity, skin toxicity, neurotoxicity
  4. Uses: most widely used for COLORECTAL cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, head and neck cancers, anal cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Capecitabine

A
  1. Antimetabolite (fluoropyrimidine)
  2. Prodrug that is metabolized to 5-FU
  3. Adverse effects-diarrhea, hand foot syndrome, myelosuppresion, N/V, mucositis, alopecia
  4. Uses: metastatic breast cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, part of the XELOX regimen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

TAS-102

A
  1. Antimetabolite (fluoropyrimidine)
  2. Inhibits TS, DNA synthesis, DNA function
  3. Adverse effects-Myelosuppression (neutropenia), GI toxicity
  4. Use: progressive, refractory colorectal cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the 3 fluoropyrimidine antimetabolites

A

5-FU, capecitabine, TAS-102

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cytarabine

A
  1. Antimetabolite (deoxycytidine)
  2. S-phase secific, blocks DNA polymerase A and B
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, mucositis, N/V, neurotoxicity
  4. Use: hematologic malignancies-AML, NHL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gemcitabine

A
  1. Antimetabolite (deoxycytidine)
  2. inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, DNA polymerase A and B
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression (neutropenia), N/V
  4. Uses: Advanced pancreatic cancer, NSCLC, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, NHL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name the 2 deoxycytidine antimetabolites

A

Cytarabine, Gemcitabine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

A
  1. Antimetabolite (purine antagonist)
  2. Inhibits purine synthesis
  3. Adverse effects-Toxicity with allopurinol
  4. Use: Acute leukemia in childhood BALL/TALL
32
Q

6-thioguanine (6-TG)

A
  1. Antimetabolite (purine antagonist)
  2. Inhibits purine synthesis
  3. Adverse effects-?
  4. Use: synergizes with cytarabine in adult acute leukemia
33
Q

Fludarabine

A
  1. Antimetabolite (purine antagonist)
  2. Inhibits DNA polymerase A and B
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, immunosuppresent (opporutinistic PCP infection)
  4. Uses: low grade NHL, CLL
34
Q

Cladribine

A
  1. Antimetabolite (purine antagonist)
  2. Directly incorporated into DNA, interferes with DNA polymerase A and B
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, immunosuppression
  4. Uses: Hairy cell leukemia, CLL, low grade NHL
35
Q

Name the 4 purine antagonist antimetabolites

A

6-MP, 6-TG, fludarabine, cladribine

36
Q

Vinblastine

A
  1. Natural product (vinca alkaloid)
  2. Inhibits microtubule assembly (M phase)
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, blistering
  4. Uses: Hodgkins, NHL, breast cancer, germ cell cancer
37
Q

Vincristine

A
  1. Natural product (vinca alkaloid)
  2. Inhibits microtubule assembly in M phase
  3. Adverse effects-neurotoxicity, peripheral sensory neuropathy, many others
  4. Uses: ALL in children, Hodgkins, NHL, multiple myeloma, pediatric tumors
38
Q

Vinorelbine

A
  1. Natural product (vinca alkaloid)
  2. Inhibits microtubule assembly in M phase
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, transiently elevated LFTs, neurotoxicity, SIADH
  4. Uses: NSCLC, breast cancer, ovarian cancer
39
Q

Name the 3 vinca alkaloid natural products

A

Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinorelbine

40
Q

Paclitaxel

A
  1. Natural product (taxane)
  2. Binds/stabilizes microtubules, mitotic spindle poison in M phase
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, hypotension, arrhythmias, hypersensitivity, myelosuppression, peripheral sensory neuropathy
  4. Uses: Ovarian, advanced breast, NSCLC, SCLC, head and neck, esophageal, prostate, bladder cancers, Kaposi’s sarcoma
41
Q

Docetaxel

A
  1. Natural product (taxane)
  2. Binds/stabilizes microtubules, mitotic spindle poison in M phase
  3. Adverse effects-hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, fluid retention, myelosuppression (neutropenia)
  4. Uses: 2nd line tx for advanced breast cancer, NSCLC, main activity in head and neck, SCLC, gastric, ovarian and bladder cancers
42
Q

Carbazitaxel

A
  1. Natural product (taxane)
  2. Binds/stabilizes microtubules, mitotic spindle poison in M phase
  3. Adverse effects-Myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, allergic reactions
  4. Use: multi-drug resistant tumor (poor substrate for P-glycoprotein)
43
Q

Ixabepilone

A
  1. Natural product - NOT a taxane
  2. Microtubule inhibitor, dynamic inhibition
  3. Adverse effects: myelosuppression, hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity (peripheral sensory neuropathy)
  4. Use: Metastatic breast cancer
44
Q

Name the 3 taxanes and 1 microtubule inhibitor natural products

A

Taxanes: Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Carbazitaxel

MT inhibitor: Ixabepilone

45
Q

Etoposide

A
  1. Natural product (epipodophyllotoxin)
  2. Complexed with topoisomerase II, inhibits DNA synthesis
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, hypotension, alopecia, myelosuppression
  4. Uses: germ cell cancer, SCLC, NSCLC, Hodgkins, NHL, gastric cancer
46
Q

Topotecan

A
  1. Natural product (camptothecin)
  2. Inhibits topoisomerase I, DNA damage
  3. Adverse effects myelosuppression (neutropenia), diarrhea
  4. Uses: 2nd line tx for advanced ovarian cancer and SCLC
47
Q

Irinotecan

A
  1. Natural product (camptothecin)
  2. Inhibits topoisomerase I, DNA damage
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression, GI toxicity
  4. Uses: Metastatic adenocarcinoma of pancreas
48
Q

Name the 1 epipodophyllotoxin and 2 camptothecin natural products

A

Epipodophyllotoxin - etoposide

Camptothecins - topotecan, irinotecan

49
Q

Doxorubicin

A
  1. Antibiotic (anthracycline)
  2. Inhibits topoisomerase II, free radicals
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression (neutropenia), cardiotoxicity)
  4. Uses: Breast, endometrial, ovarian, testicular, thyroid, stomach, bladder, liver lung cancers; hematologic malignancies-ALL, multiple myeloma, Hodgkins, NHL
50
Q

Daunorubicin

A
  1. Antibiotic (anthracycline)
  2. Inhibits topoisomerase II, free radicals
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression (neutropenia), cardiotoxicity
  4. Uses: AML
51
Q

Idarubicin

A
  1. Antibiotic (anthracycline)
  2. Inhibits topoisomerase II, free radicals
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression (neutropenia), cardiotoxicity
  4. Uses: AML
52
Q

Epirubicin

A
  1. Antibiotic (anthracycline)
  2. Inhibits topoisomerase II, free radicals
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression (neutropenia), cardiotoxicity
  4. Uses: early stage breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer, gastroesophageal cancer
53
Q

Mitoxantrone

A
  1. Antibiotic (anthracycline)
  2. Binds to DNA to produce strand breakage
  3. Adverse effects-myelosuppression (leukopenia), cardiotoxicity, blue discoloration of fingernails sclera urine
  4. Uses: advanced prostate cancer, low grade NHL, breast cancer, AML (ped and adult)
54
Q

Dexrazoxane

A
  1. NOT an anthracycline
  2. Iron-chelating agent
  3. Prevents/reduces anthracycline-induced cardiotoxcitiy
55
Q

Name the 5 anthracycline anti-tumor antibiotics; Also, name the agent used to reduce anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity

A

Anthracyclines-Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone
Other agent-dexrazoxane

56
Q

Mitomycin

A
  1. Anti-tumor antibiotic
  2. Generates an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, myelosuppression, mucositis, anorexia, fatigue
  4. Use: SCC of anus
57
Q

Bleomycin

A
  1. Anti-tumor antibiotic
  2. DNA and iron binding regions, induces single and double strand breaks following free radical formation
  3. Adverse effects-Pulmonary toxicity (pneumonitis w/ cough, dyspnea, crackles), allergic rxn, hypotension, skin toxicity, pulm fibrosis, mucositis, alopecia
  4. Use: Hodgkins, NHL, germ cell tumors, head and neck cancer, SCC of skin/cervix/vulva
58
Q

Imantinib

A
  1. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  2. Inhibits Bcr-Abl, PDGFR, c-kit
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, fluid retention w/ edema, dirrhea, myalgias, CHF
  4. Uses: CML Ph+, gastrointestinal stromal tumors
59
Q

Dasatinib

A
  1. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  2. Inhibits Bcr-Abl, c-kit, PDGFR-B
  3. Adverse effects-?
  4. Uses: CML, Ph+ ALL resistant to imantinib
60
Q

Nilotinib

A
  1. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  2. Inhibits Bcr-Abl (high affinity), c-kit, PDGFR-B
  3. Adverse effects-?
  4. Uses: CML (esp w/ resistance and chronic phase)
61
Q

Bosutinib

A
  1. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  2. Inhibits Bcr-Abl
  3. Adverse effects-N/V, diarrhea, fluid retention, myelosuppression, skin rash, hepatotoxicity
  4. Use: CML (esp resistant/intolerant to other tx)
62
Q

Ponatinib

A
  1. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  2. Inhibits Bcr-Abl, mutant Bcr-Abl, many other kinases
  3. Adverse effects-?
  4. Use: CML (adults-chronic, accelerated, blast phase w/ resistance/intolerance)
63
Q

Name the 5 tyrosine kinase inhibitors

A

Imatinib, Dosantinib, Milotinib, Bosutinib, Ponantinib

64
Q

Cetuximab

A
  1. EGFR inhibitor
  2. monoclonal Ab directed against EGFR
  3. Adverse effects-skin rash, hypersentivity, hypomagnesemia (overall well tolerated)
  4. Use: metastatic coon cancer (combo w/ irinotecan, oxaliplatin), head and neck cancer (w/ radiation)
65
Q

Panitumumab

A
  1. EGFR inhibitor
  2. monoclonal Ab directed against EGFR
  3. Adverse effects-rash, hypomagnesemia, less often hypersensitivity rxn
  4. Uses: refractory metastatic CRC, used in FOLFOX regimen, 2nd line combo w/ irinotecan
66
Q

Necitumumab

A
  1. EGFR inhibitor
  2. monoclonal Ab directed against EGFR
  3. Adverse effects-rash, hypomagnesemia, hypersensitivity
  4. Uses: Squamous NSCLC (w/ gemcitabine, cisplatin)
67
Q

Erlotinib

A
  1. EGFR inhibitor
  2. Small molecule inhibitor of TK domain on EGFR
  3. Adverse effects-rash, diarrhea, anorexia, fatigue
  4. Uses: 1st line tx metastatic NSCLC, maintenance NSCLC, advanced pancreatic cancer (w/ gemcitabine)
68
Q

Afatinib

A
  1. EGFR inhibitor
  2. Small molecule inhibitor of TK domains on EGFR
  3. Adverse effects-rash, diarrhea, anorexia, fatigue
  4. Use: 1st line tx metastatic NSCLC
69
Q

Osimertinib

A
  1. EGFR inhibitor
  2. Small molecule inhibitor
  3. Adverse effects-cardiac toxicity (QT prolongation, cardiomyopathy), rash, diarrhea, anorexia, fatigue
  4. Use: metastatic EGFR mutatnt NSCLC
70
Q

Bevacizumab

A
  1. VEGF inhibitor
  2. Monoclonal Ab targetting all forms VEGF-A
  3. Adverse effects-HTN, increased thromboembolic events, delayed wound healing, GI perf, proteinuria
  4. Uses: Metastatic CRC (w/ 5-FU, irinotecan, oxaliplatin), 1st line for metastatic CRC with fluoropyrimidines, metastatic NSCLC and breast cancer
71
Q

Ziv-aflibercept

A
  1. VEGF inhibitor
  2. Fusion protein w/ EC domains of VEGF receptors
  3. Adverse effects-HTN, increased thromboembolic events, delayed wound healing, GI perf, proetinuria
  4. Uses: Used in FOLFIRI reginmen for metastatic CRC
72
Q

Ramucirumab

A
  1. VEGF inhibitor
  2. IgG1 Ab targeting VEGF-R2 receptor
  3. Adverse effects-HTN, increased thromboembolic events, delayed wound healing, GI perf, proteinuria
  4. Uses: Advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma, metastatic NSCLC, metastatic CRC
73
Q

Sorafenib

A
  1. VEGF inhibitor
  2. Small molecule inhibitor of RTKs
  3. Adverse effects-HTN, bleeding, fatigue, skin rash
  4. Use: advance renal cell, hepatocellular cancers
74
Q

Sunitinib

A
  1. VEGF inhibitor
  2. Inhibits multiple RTKs
  3. Adverse effects-HTN, bleeding, fatigue, CHF risk
  4. Use: advanced renal cell cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors
75
Q

Pazopanib

A
  1. VEGF inhibitor
  2. Small molecule inhibitor of multiple RTKs
  3. Adverse effects-HTN, bleeding, fatigue
  4. Use: advanced renal cell cancer
76
Q

Name all 1. EGFR inhibitors, 2. VEGF inhibitors

A
  1. Cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab, erlotinib, afantanib, osinermitib
  2. Bevacizumab, ziv-aflibercept, ramucivumab, sorafemib, sunitifib, pazopanib

COM Heme and Lymph Exam 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions