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Heme Onc > Chemo Drugs > Flashcards

Chemo Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide (class, MOA, side effects)

A

MOA: Alkylating agent (cross-links DNA to inhibit DNA synthesis in proliferating cells)
Toxicities:
-GI (nausea/vomiting),
-Bone marrow depression (cytopenias)

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2
Q

Carmustine (class, MOA, side effects)

A 
MOA: Alkylating agent, Nitrosurea (cross-links DNA to inhibit DNA synthesis in proliferating cells)
-Lipid soluble, CNS available
Toxicities: 
-GI (nausea/vomiting), 
-Bone marrow depression (cytopenias)
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3
Q

Procarbazine (class, MOA, side effects)

A

MOA: Non-classic Alkylating agent (inhibit DNA/RNA/protein synthesis in proliferating cells)
Toxicities:
-GI (nausea/vomiting),
-Bone marrow depression (cytopenias)
-SECONDARY MALIGNANCY
-drug-drug interaction with MAOIs - CNS toxicity

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4
Q

Cisplatin (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Other -platins like carboplatin, oxaliplatin

MOA: Alkylating agent (cross-links DNA strands, cytotoxic in ALL CELL STAGES)

Side effects:
-Acute: highly emetogenic (nausea + vomiting)
Delayed: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, irreversible nerve dysfunction

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5
Q

Methotrexate (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: anti-metabolite, pyramidine analog
MOA: Folic acid analog- binds DHFR and TS to disrupt folate metabolism, blocking DNA syntheses

Side effects:

  • GI: diarrhea
  • Bone marrow: myelosuppression (cytopenias)

-Reverse effects with Leucovorin (reduced folate)

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6
Q

5-FU/DPD (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: anti-metabolite, pyramidine analog
MOA: converted in body to FdUMP, which inhibits TS, blocking DNA synthesis

Side effects:

  • Bone marrow (myelosuppression)
  • GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Neurotoxicity
  • TOXICITY with low DPD (dihydropyridine dehydrogenase, catabolizes 5-FU)
  • Derm: “Hand-Foot Syndrome” (blister/skin slough with continuous infusion)
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7
Q

Capecitabine (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: anti-metabolite, pyramidine analog
MAO: pro-pro 5-FU (same mechanism- TS inhibition blocking DNA synthesis)

Side effects: same as 5-FU

  • GI: diarrhea
  • “Hand-Foot Syndrome”
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8
Q

6-Mercaptopurine (class, MOA, side effects, OD, DD interaction)

A

Class: Anti-metabolite, purine analog
MOA: Inhibits purine synthesis

Side effects:

  • GI: diarrhea
  • BM: myelosuppression
  • SEVERE TOXICITY with TPMT deficiency (thiopurine methyl transferase)
  • Drug-drug interaction with allopurinol (both metabolized by XO)
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9
Q

Cladribine (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: antimetabolite, purine analog
MOA: inhibits DNA synthesis/repair by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase (RR)

Side effects:

  • GI: nausea, vomiting
  • BM: myelosuppresion
  • Immunosuppresion (CD4/8 T-cells)
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10
Q

Vincristine (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: natural product, vinca alkaloid
MOA: inhibit microtubule polymerization, freezing in metaphase, inhibits mitosis

Side effects:

  • GI/BM
  • Neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy)
  • Autonomic system dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, paralytic ileum)
  • SIADH
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11
Q

Paclitaxel (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: natural product, taxane
MOA: enhances microtubule polymerization (too much gets stuck like inhibition), freeze in metaphase, inhibit mitosis

Side effects:

  • GI (N/V)
  • BM (myelosuppresion)
  • *Hypersensitivity reaction
  • *Neurotoxicity (peripheral sensory neuropathy)
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12
Q

Abraxane (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: natural product, taxane (it’s paclitaxel with albumin)
MOA: enhances microtubule polymerization (too much gets stuck like inhibition), freeze in metaphase, inhibit mitosis

Side effects:

  • GI (N/V)
  • BM (myelosuppresion)
  • *Neurotoxicity (peripheral sensory neuropathy)
  • less toxicity and no hypersensitivity like with paclitaxel
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13
Q

Irinotecan (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: natural product, camptothecin

MOA: Topoisomerase I inhibitor (DNA cant cut and unwind, synthesis inhibited)

Side effects:

  • GI: DIARRHEA (rlly bad)
  • BM: myelosuppresion
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14
Q

Doxorubicin (class, MOA, side effects, reversal drug)

A

Class: Antitumor antibiotic, anthracycline

MOA: inhibit Topoisomerase II, DNA intercalation, quinone free radicals*

Side effects:

  • GI: mucositis
  • BM: myelosuppresion
  • CARDIOTOXICITY (from free radicals), arrhythmias, dose dependent cardiomyopathy

-Dexrazoxane (iron chelator) reduces cardio risk

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15
Q

Mitomycin C (Class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: antitumor antibiotic

MOA: DNA alkylation, specifically in tumors in hypoxic environment (favors reduction, reduced form is active), WORKS THROUGH ALL CELL CYCLE

Side effects:

  • GI: N/V
  • Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
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16
Q

Bleomycin (class, MOA, side effects)

A

Class: antitumor antibiotic, glycopeptide

MOA: binds DNA, causing strand breaks, inhibits synthesis, G2 PHASE ARREST

Side effects:
-*PULMONARY

Heme Onc (3 decks)

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