CHEMO Flashcards
Cyclophosphamide
An alkylating agent, Administration by mouth or intravenously
Cyclophosphamide
A urinary metabolite of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, may cause hemorrhagic cystitis and so advise patient to increase fluid intake for 24–48 hours after administration.
Antimetabolites
- Methotrexate
- Capcetabine
- Premetrexed and ralitrexed
Methotrexate
It has a folate-antagonist action and folinic acid (calcium folinate) is used to counteract this
Capecitabine
Metabolised to fluorouracil, an antimetabolite drug that is administered by intravenous injection since oral administration of fluorouracil is associated with unpredictable absorption
Pemetrexed and ralitrexed
Inhibit thymidylate transferase
Pemetrexed
used in lung cancer
ralitrexed
used in colorectal carcinoma
Vinca Alkaloids
ause neurological toxicity: peripheral or autonomic neuropathy that is manifested as a tingling sensation and with constipation
vincristine
Myelosuppression occurs to a lesser extent with _____
Cytotoxic Antibiotics
BDLL
- Blemoycin
- Doxorubicin, daunorubicn
- Liposomal formulations of doxorubicin
Bleomycin
May cause hyperpigmentation and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, which is manifested as breathlessness
Doxorubicin, daunorubicin
May cause cardiomyopathy; monitor for occurrence of breathlessness, tiredness and malaise.
Liposomal formulations of doxorubicin
Long-circulating pegylated liposomal formulation which is comparable in efficacy to doxorubicin
Liposomal formulations of doxorubicin
occurrence of hand–foot syndrome (painful, macular, reddening skin eruptions) after two to three treatment cycles. May be dose limiting. Prevention: cooling of hands and feet, avoid tight-fitting footwear for 4–7 days after treatment.
Platinum Compounds
COC
A .Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin
Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin
Commonly used for ovarian cancer and testicular teratoma
Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin
Nephrotoxicity may occur: to avoid ensure pre-treatment hydration and prolonged hydration
with intravenous fluids, monitor kidney function
Taxanes
Palcitaxel and docetaxel
Palcitaxel and docetaxel
Used for ovarian cancer and secondary treatment for breast cance
Topoisomerase I inhibitors
Irinotecan and topotecan
Irinotecan and topotecan
Used for colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer respectively as a secondary line of treatment
Irinotecan and topotecan
Gastrointestinal side-effects, particularly diarrhoea, and asthenia, alopecia and anorexia
may occur.
Protein kinase inhibitors
Imatinib, dasatinib
Imatinib, dasatinib
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Used in leukaemia
Available for oral administration.
Erlotinib
A tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is available for oral administration; licensed for the treatment of pancreatic and lung cancer.
Sunitinib
A tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is available for oral administration; licensed for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
Sorafenib
An inhibitor of multiple kinases which is licensed for renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Trastuzumab
For metastatic breast cancer with tumours overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)
Trastuzumab
May be used in combination with paclitaxel
OCCURRENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS
Immediate (Hours)
Phlebitis due to extravasation
Immediate (Hours)
Nausea, vomiting
Immediate (Hours)
Fever, chills
Early (Days)
Diarrhea
Early (Days)
Ototoxicity
Early (Days)
SAM
Stomatitis
Alopecia
Myelotoxicity
Delayed (Weeks)
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Delayed (Weeks)
Peripheral neuropathy
Delayed (Weeks)
Hyperpigmentation
Anemia
Late (Months/Years)
Secondary malignancies
Late (Months/Years)
Premature menopause
Late (Months/Years)
Sterility
