Chemisty Module 3 Test Flashcards
What is distillation?
Distillation is the process of separation or purification dependent on difference in boiling point
Whats Fractional Distillation?
Fractional distillation is the process used to separate crude oil into different fractions
Whats a fraction
A group of compounds with boiling points within a given range
What comes out the fractional distillation at 40 degrees
Gasoline
What comes out of fractional distillation tower at 110 degrees
Naphtha for chemicals
What comes out of the fractional distillation tower at 180 degrees
Kerosine for fuel
What comes out of the fractional distillation tower at 260 degrees
Diesel oil for fuel
What comes out of the fractional distillation tower at 340 degrees
Residue for fuel,lubrication and road tar
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
Flammability
Ease of combustion
Viscosity
A description of how “thick” a liquid is
Volatility
Ease of evaporation
What are the properties of a fraction
The fractions have different properties because they contain hydrocarbons of different sizes
What does the size of a hydrocarbon depend on
The number of carbon atoms it has
Eg 1 carbon atom would be small but 50 would be a larger size
As the number of carbon atoms increases what happens
🩷The boiling point increases
🩷the flammability decreases
🩷the viscosity increases
Fractions containing small hydrocarbons are
🩷volatile
🩷light in colour
🩷runny
🩷highly flammable
2 major issues associated with burning fossil fuels
Global warming and acid rain
What does an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cause
🩷Traps re-radiated heat
🩷less heat is emitted to space
🩷global temperatures rise and climate change occurs
What is created in a limited supply of oxygen when fossil fuels are burned
Carbon, Carbon monoxide and water
(Incomplete combustion)
Whats the equation for the “incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons”
Hydrocarbon+oxygen—> carbon+carbon monoxide+water
What is sulfur
An impurity found in coal
What is the effect of sulfur
When coal is burned the sulfur(impurities) combine with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide
Word equation for sulfur dioxide
sulfur(s)+oxygen(g)—>sulfur dioxide(g)
What is the problem with sulfur dioxide
The gas is very soluble and dissolves in rain water to
produce an acidic solution
How is nitrogen dioxide produced?
The sparking of air in car engines
Whats the word equation for the produce of nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen(g)+oxygen(g)—>nitrogen dioxide (g)
Whats the problem with nitrogen dioxide?
Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in rain water to form an acidic solution
Whats the impact with acid rain?
Damages buildings made from limestone and marble and accelerates the corrosion of metal structures
What harm does acid rain have to living things
Kills plant life and harmful to aquatic organisms
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make
carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
When is carbohydrate glucose produced?
carbohydrate glucose is produced and oxygen is
released during photosynthesis.
What is the word equation for the production pf glucose+oxygen
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
What do plants require to absorb light energy?
Chlorophyll
Whats the main function of carbohydrates in our diet?
Provide us with energy
What elements does Carbohydrate contain?
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What happens when a carbohydrate undergo combustion
They release energy and produce carbon dioxide and water
What is the word equation for the products of carbon dioxide + water
Carbohydrate+oxygen—>carbon dioxide +water
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction when energy is given out
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process which releases energy in
plants and animals
Why is respiration important for all living things?
Respiration is important for all living things because it
provides energy when glucose is broken down in the
body.
What is used to make alcohol?
Fermentation has been used since ancient times for making alcholic beverages
What are the necessary ingredients for fermentation?
Carbohydrate,water and yeast
