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Grade 10 Science > Chemisty > Flashcards

Chemisty Flashcards

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1
Q

Electrons found in the outer most shell are called what ?

A

Valence electrons

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2
Q

What does an atom consist of ?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons.

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3
Q

What is a proton ?

A

A proton is positively charged sun-atomic particle.

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4
Q

What is a Neutron ?

A

A neutron is a sub atomic particle with no charge.

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5
Q

What is a electron?

A

An electron is a negatively charged sub atomic particle.

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6
Q

What is the atomic mass ?

A

The atomic mass is the mass of an element.

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7
Q

What is the atomic number ?

A

The atomic number is how many protons, electrons and neutrons the element has.

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8
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom.

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9
Q

Where are metals located on the table ?

A

Throughout but mostly on the left side and the centre.

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10
Q

Where are are non-metals located on the table ?

A

The far right.

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11
Q

What are metalloids and where are they located on the table ? What is the one exception ?

A

Metalloids have the properties of both metals and non-metals. The are located on the staircase. Except Al(metal)

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12
Q

What are all of the families on the table ?

A 
Alkali metals 
Earth metals 
Transition metals
Rare earth metals
Boron family
Carbon family
Nitrogen family
Chalcogens 
Halogens 
Noble gasses
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13
Q

When drawing a Bohr model what do you do ?

A

You draw the element in the centre of a circle. You draw the 2 elections on another circle around the first circle. You then continue drawing as many dots that are needed to equal the atomic number.

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14
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold ?

A

2

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15
Q

How many electrons can the following 2 shells hold ?

A

8.

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16
Q

What is the difference between a Lewis dot diagram and a Bohr model?

A

A Lewis dot diagram only has the valence electrons whereas the Bohr model has all of the electrons.

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17
Q

What is an isotope ?

A

Isotopes are atoms that have different numbers of neutrons. This changed the atomic mass but not the atomic number.

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18
Q

How can you find how many neutrons a element has ?

A

Take the mass number (rounded off atomic mass) and subtract the atomic number.

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19
Q

How can an atom become radioactive?

A

An atom can become radioactive if they have to many neutrons and the nucleus becomes unstable.

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20
Q

What does a radioactive Adam release?

A

Energy as radiation.

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21
Q

What does ionizing radiation include ?

A

X-rays, gamma radiation and neutron radiation.

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22
Q

True or false ?

The higher the atomic number the Less stable the atoms are?

A

True.

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23
Q

How many valence electrons does the noble gasses have ?

A

8.

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24
Q

When atoms lose or gain electrons they become what ?

A

Ions.

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25
Q

When atoms are ions they will bond together and form what ?

A

An ionic bond.

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26
Q

When an element gains electrons what charge does it have ?

A

Negatively charged.

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27
Q

When an element loses electrons what charge does it have ?

A

Positively charged.

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28
Q

When a element is negatively charged what is it ?

A

Anion.

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29
Q

When an element is positively charged what is it ?

A

Cation.

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30
Q

What is the charge of the alkali metals ?

A

+

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31
Q

What is the charge of the alkaline earth metals?

A

2+

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32
Q

What is the charge of the nitrogen family ?

A

3-

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33
Q

What is the charge of the the chalcogens ?

A

2-

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34
Q

What is the charge of the halogens ?

A

-

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35
Q

What does a binary ionic compound consist of?

A

A non-metal and and a metal.

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36
Q

What is a covalent bond made of ?

A

A non-metal and a non-metal.

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37
Q

When naming a binary ionic compound what does the second name end with ?

A

Ide

38
Q

When writing the formula of a binary ionic compound what method do you use ?

A

You do a cris cross method.

39
Q

What is the Latin name for copper ?

A

Cuprum

40
Q

What is the Latin name for iron ?

A

Ferrum

41
Q

What is the Latin name for lead ?

A

Plumbum

42
Q

What is the Latin name for gold ?

A

Aurum.

43
Q

What is the Latin name for tin ?

A

Stannum

44
Q

When drawing a model of a covalent Bond what do the elements do?

A

They share.

45
Q

When naming molecular compounds how many words are the names?

A

2.

46
Q

What is the prefix for the number 2

A

Di.

47
Q

What is the prefix for the number 3?

A

Tri.

48
Q

What is the prefix for the number 4?

A

Tetra.

49
Q

What is the prefix for the number 5.

A

Penta

50
Q

What is the prefix for the number 6?

A

Hexa

51
Q

What is the prefix for the number 7?

A

Hepta

52
Q

What is the prefix for the number 8?

A

Octa.

53
Q

What is the prefix mono used for ?

A

when there is only 1 OXYGEN

54
Q

What is the name of H2O ?

A

Water.

55
Q

What is the name of Ch3 ?

A

Methane.

56
Q

What is the name of NH3?

A

Ammonia.

57
Q

What are the properties of a ionic compound ?

A

Form crystals, have high melting and boiling points, are very hard and brittle, conduct electricity when they dissolve in water.

58
Q

What properties do covalent compounds have?

A

Lower melting and boiling points solid, soft and squishy, DON’T conduct electricity in water, aren’t usually able to dissolve in water

59
Q

What is some evidence of a chemical changes?

A

Colour change, temperature, gas, precipitate.

60
Q

What is law of conservation mass?

A

It is when two elements combine they must have the same mass on both ends.
Matter can not be destroyed.
2g + 2g = 4g

61
Q

Are reactions on the left or right side of an equation?

A

Left.

62
Q

Are products on the left or right of an equation ?

A

Right.

63
Q

What is a skeleton equation ?

A

An equation without numbers.

64
Q

How do you know if a chemical or physical reaction occurs ?

A

If it’s chemical is can’t be reversed.

If it’s physical it can’t be changed.

65
Q

Can you change the subscripts of a equation to balance it ?

A

No.

66
Q

What do you do if an element has a coefficients and a subscript.

A

You multiply the coefficient with the subscript.

67
Q

What does a coefficient effect?

A

All the numbers in that section.

68
Q

What does a subscript effect ?

A

Only the element it’s attached to.

69
Q

What is the first thing you should balance ?

A

Metals.

70
Q

What is the second thing you should balance?

A

Nonmetals.

71
Q

Which elements do you leave until the end ?

A

Oxygen and hydrogen.

72
Q

What is the last thing you should do when balancing an equation ?

A

Reduce the coefficients.

73
Q

What are the 5 types of chemical equations?

A 
Syntheses - x + y =xy
Decomposition- xy = x + y
Single- a + bx = ax + b 
Double- ax + by = ay + bx 
Combustion- with a decimal and H2O and CO2
74
Q

What is HOFBrNCl and when does it apply ?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, nitrogen , chlorine. When they are by themselves there charge is 2.

75
Q

When do you use a coefficient of 0.5 or another decimal?

A

When there is a number that don’t divisible by anything.

76
Q

What chemical is produced out of acids?

A

Hydrogens H+

77
Q

What chemical is produced out of base ?

A

Hydroxide OH-

78
Q

What is an example of an acid ?

A

Vinegar
Stomachs acid
Limes
Batteries

79
Q

What is an example of a base ?

A

Baking soda
Oven cleaner
Drain cleaner

80
Q

What are the uses of acids ?

A 
Biological 
Food
Cleaning
Industry
Pollution
81
Q

What are the uses of bases ?

A

Cleaning
Medication
Industry
Experimentation

82
Q

pH is a measure of what ?

A

Acidity.

83
Q

The pH level ranges from what numbers ?

A

1-14

84
Q

What has the pH of 7?

A

Water- neutral

85
Q

Chemicals with high pH’s are what ?

A

Bases.

86
Q

Chemicals with low pH’s are what ?

A

Acids.

87
Q

What are the properties of bases?

A 
Dissolves in water
Conducts electricity 
Does not break down metals
Dissolves grease, fats and oils
Can be dangerous to skin and eyes
Tastes bitter
Feels slippery
88
Q

What colour will litmus paper turn when put in a base ?

A

Blue.

89
Q

What are the properties of a acid?

A 
Dissolves in water
Conducts electricity
Can break down metals
Dangerous skin and eyes
Tastes sour
90
Q

What colour will the litmus paper tune when put in a acid?

A

Red.

Grade 10 Science (3 decks)

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