Chemistry Year 11 Topic 1 Revision Flashcards
What is Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)?
Net positive charge felt by valence electrons, increases across a period.
What is Atomic Radius?
Size of an atom, decreases across a period, increases down a group.
What is an Ion?
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
What are Cations?
Positive ions, formed when an atom loses electrons.
What are Anions?
Negative ions, formed when an atom gains electrons.
What is Ionic Radius?
Size of an ion; cations are smaller, anions are larger than their neutral atoms.
What is Electronegativity?
Ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons, increases across a period.
What is First Ionization Energy?
Energy required to remove an electron, increases across a period.
What are Ionic Bonds?
Formed by transferring electrons between metals and nonmetals.
What are Valence Electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell, involved in bonding.
What are Valence Shells?
Outermost shell of an atom, holds valence electrons.
What is an Element?
A substance made of only one type of atom, defined by its number of protons.
What is Ionic Bonding?
Formed when electrons are transferred from metals to nonmetals, creating oppositely charged ions.
What is Covalent Bonding?
Formed when two nonmetals share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
What is Metallic Bonding?
Formed when metal atoms share valence electrons freely, creating a sea of electrons.
