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Science > Chemistry (Y9) > Flashcards

Chemistry (Y9) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 states of matter?

A

Solid,liquid and gas

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2
Q

Components of a solid?

A

Fixed,unless you apply force.vibrates vigerously.doesnt flow.cannot be compressed.has a fixed shape and volume.

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3
Q

Components of a liquid?

A

No fixed shape but a fixed volume. Cannot be compressed. does flow. Takes the shape of the bottom of its container.

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4
Q

Components of a gas?

A

No fixed shape or volume. Can be compressed and does flow. Takes shapw of whole container.

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5
Q

Are boiling and condensation point the same?

A

Yes=100 degrees celcius

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6
Q

Are melting and freezing point the same?

A

Yes=0 degrees celcius

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7
Q

1)Solid to liquid is called?
2)Liquid to gas is called?
3)Gas to liquid is called?
4)Liquid to solid is called?
5)Solid to gas is called?
6)Gas to solid is called?

A

1)melting
2)boiling
3)condensing
4)freezing
5)sublimation
6)deposition

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8
Q

Define element?

A

A chemical substance made up of only 1 type of atom. It is a pure substance found in the periodic table.

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9
Q

Define compound?

A

2 or more elements that have been chemically bonded/joined together.

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10
Q

Defone mixture?

A

2 or more elements that have been mixed together but not chemically bonded/joined together.

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11
Q

What direction is a group and a period?

A

Groups (collum) vertically down (look like a l)
Periods (rows) horizontally across (look like a -)

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12
Q

Examples of elements?

A

Chlorine (Cl)
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N)

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13
Q

Examples of compounds?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Pure water (H2O)

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14
Q

Examples of mixtures.

A

Soil
Air
Sea water

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15
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom is known as the atomic number of the proton number (example=atomic number of carbon is 6)

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16
Q

What is the mass number?

A

It is the larger of the 2 numbers shown in most periodic table. It is the sum of the protons and neutrons (e.g carbons Mass Number is 12)

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17
Q

1) Protons + neutrons =
2) Lithium= 3 protons + 4 neutrons =
3) Hydrogen= 1 proton + 0 neutrons =
4) Aluminium= 13 protons + 14 neutrons =

A

1) Mass number (protons +neutrons)
2) 7
3) 1
4) 27

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18
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of protons,neutrons and electrons?

A

Relative mass:

Protons=1
Neutrons=1
Electrons=almost 0

Charge:

Protons=+1
Neutrons=0
Electrons=-1

19
Q

What is a balanced equation? (With example)

A

A balanced equation is a equation with the same number of each type of atom on either side of the equation. A balanced equation must be in its simplist whole number ration.

O2H + O = H + O2 unbalanced
O2H + 2O = H + 2O2 balanced

20
Q

How do you work out the relative formula mass of something?

A

To work out the relative formula mass/ molar mass, we add together the atomic mass (or mass number) for all the elements in the formula:

Formula mass/molar mass of H2O=18

(2 x H) + (1 x O)
(2 x 1) + (1 x 16)
2 + 16 =18

21
Q

What does AUM stand for?

A

Atomic Mass Unit

22
Q

Work out molar/relative formula mass of these…

1)C2H5OH
2)C2H6

A

1)46=(2x12)+(6x1)+(1x16) Carbon (C)=12,hydrogen (H)=1,Oxygen (O)=16
2)30=(2x12)+(6x1)

23
Q

What is a mole?

A

The amount of substance in the relative atomic or formula mass of a substance in grams. E.g

Carbon
12g=1 mole of carbon

24
Q

Calculate the number of moles in 9.00g of H2O?

A

(Ox1)+(Hx2)=
(1x16)+(2x1)=
(16+2)=18
18x9g=162 moles in 9grams of H2O

25
Q

What is the method for calculating the number of moles of a material?

A

1)find atomic/formula mass of each element
2)add up atomic mass
3)times the sum of the atomic mass by the number of mass (e.g 8.00g,100.0g) and you will get your answer.

26
Q

How do you know what 1 mole of any atom is?

A

The atomic mass of any element in grams (g) is 1 mole of atoms of that element.
E.g 12g of carbon = 1 mole of carbon atoms
32g of Oxygen = 1 mole of Oxygen atoms

27
Q

How do you find the number of moles?

A

Number of moles = Mass(g) / relative atomic mass

28
Q

How do you find the mass (g)?

A

Mass (g) = number of moles x relative atomic mass

29
Q

State the melting and boiling points of pure substances are fixed?

A

Pure substances consist of only one kind of matter. All the particles of a pure substance are alike. It has a definite composition and similar properties. These are the reasons why pure substances have fixed melting and boiling point.

30
Q

How do you find the number of particles?

A

Number of moles x 6.02x10~23

31
Q

How do you find the percentage of an element in a compound?

A

Mass of element in compound / Relative formula mass of compound

E.g Find the percemtage of oxygen in sulfur dioxide SO2
S=(1x32) O2=(2x16)
32+32=64 32/64=1/2=50%

/ = divide

32
Q

What is melting?

A

It is when particles in a solid gain heat energy and vibrate more vigourously. When this happenes, a solid changes state and becomes liquid.

33
Q

What is freezing?

A

It is when particles in a liquid lose heat energy and move less quickly. When this happens,a liquid changes state and becomes solid.

34
Q

What is evaporation?

A

It is when particles in a liquid gain heat energy and more move quickly. When this happenes, a liquid changes state and becomes a gas.

35
Q

What is condensation?

A

It is when particles in a gas lose heat energy and move more slowly. When this happenes, a gas changes state and becomes a lquid.

36
Q

What is sublimation?

A

It is when a solid changes state and becomes a gas without becoming a lquid. In normal conditions, it is rare!

37
Q

What is the nuclues of an atom?

A

It is the dense ‘core’ at the centre of an atom which contains protons and neutrons.

38
Q

What are electrons?

A

Electrons are tiny particles that are spread out in ‘shells’ around the outside of the atom. Electrons are negatively charged and have hardly any mass.

39
Q

What are protons?

A

Protons are positively charged particles in the nuclues of the atom. They have a mass of 1.

40
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Neutrons are neutral particles in the nuclues of the atom. They have a mass of 1.

41
Q

What do we call the substances that react together during a chemical reaction?

A

The reactants

42
Q

How do you find percentage by mass equation?

A

% by mass= (atomic mass (total) / formula mass) x 100

43
Q

What do we call the substances produced during a chemical reaction?

A

The products

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