Chemistry - vocabulary Flashcards
Accuracy
agreement with a particular value with the true value
Precision
degree of agreement among several measurements (relatively close to one another)
Extensive Properties
physical properties that depend on the quantity of matter (volume and mass)
Intensive Properties
Independent of the quality of matter (density and temperature)
Density
the measure of how compact a substance is (g/m^3)
Matter
anything that occupies space
Physical Change
change in the form of a substance, not in chemical composition (filtration)
Chemical Change
change in the form of a substance, different properties and different composition (oxidation and burning)
Energy Units
J or (kg × m^2 )/ s^2
Atomic Number
number of protons, electrons, and sometimes neutrons
Isotopes
same number of protons, same number of electrons, different number of neutrons
Atomic Mass
AMU, weighted average of all the isotopes. 1 amu = the mass of a proton or a neutron
Avagadros Number
6.022E23
Empirical Formula
simplest ratio of atoms
Molecular Formula
actual number of atoms
Electromagnetic Radiation
electric waves and magnetic waves (travel perpendicular to each other)
Wavelength (λ)
distance between two peaks or troughs in a wave
Frequency (v)
number of waves (cycles) per second that pass a given point in space (1/s or Hz)
Amplitude (A)
the distance from rest to crest
Visible Light Spectrum
4E-7 to 7E-7
Shortest Wavelength?
gamma rays
Longest wavelength?
radio waves
Planks constant
6.626E-34 J × s
Continuous Spectrum
occurs when white light is passed through a prism, contains all the wavelengths of visible light
Line Spectrum
occurs when one specific atom is stimulated, each line corresponds to a discrete wavelength (series of lines separated by black)
How do spectrums occur?
absorbed energy causes the electron to jump to a higher energy level, when the electron returns to its original level the absorbed energy is released as photons with a wavelength associated with that energy, that is what we view as line spectrum
The Bohr Model only works for which element?
hydrogen
The closer the electron is to the nucleus the easier or harder it is to remove?
Harder
Rydberg constant
1.09737316E7 1/m
Electrons behave as what kind of waves?
Standing waves
T or F: energy is described as a wave
T
T or F: energy does not have mass
F
Energy can only be gained or lost in integer multiple of …?
hv
T or F: energy has wave characteristics AND particular properties
T
Is intensity or frequency of light responsible for carrying the energy necessary for dislodging electrons?
Frequency
What color light can remove electrons from the metal’s surface?
Blue light will dislodge the electrons
hv0 is?
the minimum energy required to eject an electron (work function)
Excess energy required to eject an electron goes into what?
The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons
T or F: particle’s have wave properties?
T
Wave functions are called …?
Orbitals
n
energy level
ℓ
sublevel (s = 0, p = 1, d = 2, f = 3)
mℓ
orbital (s has one orbital) (p has 3 orbitals) (d has 5 orbitals)
ms
electron spin
Up Arrow
+1/2
Down Arrow
-1/2
Degenerate Orbitals
Orbitals that have the same energy level
Nodes
spaces where electrons cannot be located
T or F: two electrons in one orbital can have the same spins
F - must have opposite spins
Order of preferred orbitals
s -> p -> d -> f
Prefer going to next _ before going to _
Prefer going to next S before going to D
The lowest energy configuration of an atom is the one having the maximum number of …?
unpaired electrons as allowed in a particular set of degenerate orbitals
