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Science > Chemistry Vocab > Flashcards

Chemistry Vocab Flashcards

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0
Q

Periodic table of the elements

A

An arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic numbers.

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of substances/matter.

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2
Q

Elements

A

Basic building blocks of all matter. (Note: an elements is made of only one kind of atom).

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3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

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4
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element.

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5
Q

Compound

A

Substances made of 2 or more different kinds of elements, Ex. NaCl, MgSO4, CaCO3.

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6
Q

Molecule

A

A particle made of 2 or more atoms that are held together with strong bonds

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7
Q

Substance

A

A kind of matter that is unique in atomic composition and arrangement. It is made of one type of atom or one type of molecule that can’t be physically pulled apart. Ex. H3, Al, MgSO4.

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8
Q

Pipette

A

A slender tube attached to a bulb, used for transferring or measuring out small quantities of liquid.

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9
Q

Mixture

A

A combination of 2 or more substances that have not combined chemically (so they are able to be physically separated)

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10
Q

Chemical reaction

A

When 2 or more substances (called reactants) interact with each other and create new substance(s). These new substances are called products.

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11
Q

Endothermic

A

Processes that absorb that energy, which creates a decrease in temperature. Ex. When you added water to the mystery mixture and it became cooler.

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12
Q

Exothermic

A

Processes that release energy, which causes an increase in temperature.

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13
Q

Chemical name (scientific name)

A

Gives information (names) about the composition of a substance. Ex. Sodium carbonate

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14
Q

Common name

A

The everyday or “common” name for the substance. Ex. Chalk

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15
Q

Chemical formula

A

Uses symbols (letters) and numbers to indicate the kind and number of atoms the substance is made of. Ex. CaCO3

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16
Q

Solution

A

A mixture in which one substance dissolves and “disappears” into a 2nd substance

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17
Q

Dissolve

A

When a solid becomes incorporated into a liquid to form a solution

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18
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved (usually a solid)

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19
Q

Solvent

A

The substance that does the dissolving (usually a liquid)

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20
Q

Atomic number

A

Tells the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of that element

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21
Q

Electron shell

A

A grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

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22
Q

Valence shell

A

The outermost shell of an atom consisting of the valence electrons, which account for the nature of any reactions and of the bonding interactions it has with other atoms.

23
Q

Bond

A

An attractive force acting between atoms

24
Q

Ionic bond

A

Chemical bond resulting from the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or a group of atoms to another.

25
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms.

26
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid substance produced from a chemical reaction that DOES NOT dissolve in the solution.

27
Q

Saturated solution

A

Solution in which no more solute will dissolve. Ex. Calcium hydroxide dissolving into water to make limewater

28
Q

Reactant

A

Starting substances in a chemical reaction

29
Q

Product

A

New substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction

30
Q

Limiting reactant (limiting reagent)

A

The reactant in a chemical reaction that is present in the smallest concentration - substance that gets “used up” first and causes the reaction to stop.

31
Q

Solid

A

A phase of matter that has definite volume and shape because the particles are tightly bonded and cannot move around each other.

32
Q

Liquid

A

A phase of matter that has definite volume, but no definite shape because the particles are loosely bonded and can flow around one another.

33
Q

Gas

A

A phase of matter that has no definite volume or shape because the particles fly independently through space.

34
Q

Melting

A

Solid changing to a liquid

35
Q

Freezing

A

Liquid changing to a solid

36
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid changing into gas

37
Q

Condensation

A

Gas changing into liquid

38
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid changing directly to gas

39
Q

Deposition

A

Gas changing directly to solid

40
Q

Compress

A

Particles/matter being forced closer together into a smaller space.

41
Q

Expand

A

Matter/particles spreading out and taking up a larger amount of space. This is due to increased kinetic energy in particles.

42
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of motion.

43
Q

Contract

A

The decrease of volume due to decreased kinetic energy of particles.

44
Q

Energy transfer

A

The movement of energy from a particle with more energy to a particle with less energy.

45
Q

Conduction

A

Energy transfer that results from contact between particles.

46
Q

Calories

A

A unit of heat; the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1*C.

47
Q

Heat

A

A form of energy related to the kinetic energy of particles. Measured in calories.

48
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Measured in degrees Celsius.

49
Q

Conservation of energy

A

Energy is never created nor destroyed, it can just be transferred or change forms.

50
Q

Equilibrium

A

A condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or I changing system. (For example: number of particles gaining energy = number of particles losing energy)

51
Q

Density

A

A property of a substance that tells the ratio of mass to volume (note: it measures how closely packed together the atoms are in that substance.)

52
Q

pH

A

A scale that is used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is from 0 to 14, where less than 7 means acidic, 7 is neutral, and more than 7 is basic. (Note: another word that is used for basic is alkaline.)

53
Q

Acid

A

A substance that has a pH between 0 and 6 usually has a sour taste, and is capable of neutralizing bases (alkali).

54
Q

Base

A

A substance that has a base between 8 and 14, usually has a bitter taste and can neutralize acids.

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