chemistry unit.2 Flashcards
Chemistry
the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed
Matter
physical substance in general
Extensive Properties
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Intensive Properties
a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system
Mass
large body of matter with no definite shape
Volume
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies
Physical Property
any property that is measurable
Physical Change
changes affecting the form of a chemical substance
Chemical Property
characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity of the substance is changed
Chemical Change
irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances
Phase (phase of matter)
The states in which matter can exist: as a solid, liquid, or gas
Solid
firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid
Liquid
a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume
Gas
an airlike fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity
Freezing
When a liquid turns into a solid
Melting
make or become liquefied by heat
Vaporization
a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor
Condensation
water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it
Sublimation
When anything solid turns into a gas without first becoming liquid
Deposition
direct solidification of a vapor by cooling
Substance (pure substance)
substances that are made of only one type of atom or only one type of molecule
Element
composed of atoms that have the same atomic number
Chemical Symbol
a notation of one or two letters representing a chemical element
Compound
a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together
Mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
Homogeneous Mixture
substances and mixtures which are in a single phase (homo means same)
Solution
homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances
Heterogeneous Mixture
two or more pure substances in which the original substances retain their chemical properties (hetero means different)
Filtration
any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids
Distillation
can be used to purify water or other substances, or to remove one component from a complex mixture
Chemical reaction
a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances
Reactant
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction
Product
the species formed from chemical reactions
Precipitate
cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution
Law of conservation of Mass
states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants.
