Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ms. Bolotta Science > Chemistry Unit Test > Flashcards

Chemistry Unit Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has made and takes up space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic or description of a substance that is determined when

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical Property

A

A characteristic of a substance that is determined when the composition of the substance is changed and one or more new substances are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physical changes

A

A change of state
Change of form
Easily reversed
No new products formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs of a chemical change?

A 
Precipitate forms
Bubbles or gas produced 
Change in colour 
Change in odour
Change in energy 
Heat or light formed 
Not easily reversed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formulae

A 
Density = mass/volume 
Mass = density x volume 
Volume = mass/density
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three subatomic particles

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to find number of protons

A

Atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to find number of neutrons

A

Mass - atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to find number of electrons

A

Number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metals

A

Found on the right of the periodic table

Lustrous, hard, malleable, ductile, conduct heat and electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metalloids

A

Have properties of both metals and non metals

Found along the staircase line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Group 1

A

Alkali Metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Group 2

A

Alkaline earth metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Group 3-12

A

Transition metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Group 17

A

Halogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Group 18

A

Noble gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Family/group vs. Periods

A

18 groups
7 periods
Groups go vertical
Periods go horizantal

19
Q

What are the properties of alkali Metals?

A 
Very reactive
Silvery
Lustrous 
Soft
Low density
Not often on their own
20
Q

What are the properties of alkaline earth metals?

A

Lustrous
Silvery
Less soft then alkali Metals
Not as reactive

21
Q

What are the properties of halogens?

A

Very reactive

Often form compounds with alkali Metals

22
Q

What are the properties of noble gases?

A 
Very stable 
Colourless
Odourless
Tasteless
Glow when an electric current is passing through
23
Q

Why are noble gases stable?

A

They have an orbit ring with 8 electrons which is a full orbit ring.

24
Q

What does the group number tell us?

A

Elements have:
Similar properties
The number of valence electrons
Reactivity

25
Q

What did Democritus discover?

A

Matter can be divided until there is a particle so small it is indivisible
Atoms are different sizes, in constant motion, and are separated by empty space

26
Q

What did Aristotle propose?

A 
There are 4 basic substances
Fire
Air
Earth
Water
This was accepted for almost 2000 years
27
Q

What did John dalton discover?

1807

A 
Daltons atomic theory:
All matter is made of tiny particles
All atoms of an element are identical 
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed 
Can be rearranged to form a new substance
Compared the atom to a billiard ball
28
Q

What did J.j. Thompson propose? (1897)

A 
Compared the atom to raisin bread
Bread=positive parts of atom
Raisins=negative electrons
All atoms are neutral 
Contain electrons
Electrons are evenly distributed
29
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford do? (1909)

A 
The gold foil experiment 
Aimed a beam of positively charged particles at a price of gold foil then caught them on a fluorescent screen. 
Most particles went straight through
Some particles were slightly deflected
Some particles were greatly deflected.
30
Q

What did James Chadwick discover? (1932)

A

There was a empty space with a tiny dense core called a nucleus
Nucleus is made of proton and neutrons
Same amount of protons and electrons
Planetary model

31
Q

What is the relative mass of subatomic particles?

A

P=1
N=1
E=0.0005

32
Q

What did Niels Bohr discover? (1913)

A

Electron shell
Determined by studying hydrogen
Electrons orbit the nucleus
Each electron has a definite amount of energy
If they have enough energy they can jump to a different orbit

33
Q

How to balance an chemical equation

A
  1. Count the number of each type of atom on both sides of the reaction arrow.
  2. Add a coefficient in from of a chemical formula. Remember, a coefficeint multiplies by everything that comes after it.
  3. Check your work.
34
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

Compounds formed between metals and non-metals.

35
Q

How many atoms are in a full valence shell?

A

8

36
Q

What is formed when a metal atom gains or loses electrons?

A

Positive ions called cations.

37
Q

What is formed when non-metal atoms gain electrons?

A

Negative ions calf anions.

38
Q

How to draw an ionic compound

A
  1. Write symbols for each element.
  2. Create a Lewis structure for each.
  3. Draw an arrow (or more if needed) to show the transfer of electrons from the metal to non metal.
  4. Redraw the Lewis structures but with the added or removed electrons. The non metal should have a full outer shell.
  5. Place square brackets around the ion.
  6. Determine the charge for each ion and right it on the top right corner of the brackets.
39
Q

How to write a chemical name.

A
  1. Name the metal directly from the Periodic Table.

2. Name the non metal second, but change the ending to ‘ide’

40
Q

Steps to writing a chemical formula:

A
  1. Write the symbol of the METAL atom with its charge above it.
  2. Write the name of the NON METAL with its charge above it.
  3. Criss cross the charges (leave out the signs)
  4. Reduce to the lowest terms, if necessary.
41
Q

What are Molecular compounds

A

Compounds formed between non metals.
Non metal atoms interact by sharing electrons so that both get a full valence shell. These atoms are joined by a covent bond.

42
Q

Charges of each group.

A 
1- +1
2- +2 
13- +3
14- +/- 4
15- -3
16- -2
17- -1
18- 0, full valence shell
43
Q

What are molecular compounds called because of the amount of they’re bonds?

A

1 pair- single bond
2 pairs- double bond
3 pairs- triple bond

44
Q

Steps to draw a molecular compound

A
  1. Write the symbols for each element.
  2. Create the Lewis structure for each.
  3. Draw circles to show the sharing of electrons
    • after sharing, all atoms should have a stable number of valence electrons
  4. Draw the bond structure (ball and stick model) using symbols and lines.
    • use one line for each pair of electrons that is shared.

Ms. Bolotta Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions