Chemistry Unit 2 Flashcards
Chemistry
is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and reactions of organic compounds.
Matter
physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
Extensive Properties
Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured.
Intensive Properties
Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present.
Mass
a body of coherent matter, usually of indefinite shape and often of considerable size:
Volume
a collection of written or printed sheets bound together and constituting a book.
Physical Property
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical Change
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds.
Chemical Property
A chemical property is any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance’s chemical identity. … They can also be useful to identify an unknown substance or to separate or purify it from other substances.
Chemical Change
Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances.
Phase
Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location,
Solid
having three dimensions (length, breadth, and thickness), as a geometrical body or figure.
Liquid
composed of molecules that move freely among themselves but do not tend to separate like those of gases; neither gaseous nor solid.
Gas
a substance possessing perfect molecular mobility and the property of indefinite expansion, as opposed to a solid or liquid.
Freezing
(of temperatures) approaching, at, or below the freezing point.
Melting
to become liquefied by warmth or heat, as ice, snow, butter, or metal
Vaporization
of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor.
Condensation
the act of condensing; the state of being condensed.
Sublimation
the diversion of the energy of a sexual or other biological impulse from its immediate goal to one of a more acceptable social, moral, or aesthetic nature or use.
deposition
removal from an office or position.
Substance
that of which a thing consists; physical matter or material:
Element
a component or constituent of a whole or one of the parts into which a whole may be resolved by analysis:
Chemical Symbol
an abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element; the symbols in the periodic table
Compound
composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients:
Mixture
any combination or blend of different elements, kinds, qualities, etc.:
Homogeneous Mixture
any combination of substances that has uniform composition and properties; a mixture that is uniform throughout
Solution
the act of solving a problem, question, etc.:
Heterogeneous Mixture
any combination of substances that does not have uniform composition and properties; a mixture of physically distinct substances with different properties
Filtration
liquid that has been passed through a filter.
Distillation
the volatilization or evaporation and subsequent condensation of a liquid, as when water is boiled in a retort and the steam is condensed in a cool receiver.
Chemical Reaction
a reverse movement or tendency; an action in a reverse direction or manner
Reactant
a person or thing that reacts.
Product
a person or thing produced by or resulting from a process, as a natural, social, or historical one; result:
Precipitate
to cast down headlong; fling or hurl down.
Law of Conservation of Mass
the principle that in any closed system subjected to no external forces, the mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form; the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
