chemistry unit 2 Flashcards
chemistry
science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change
matter
as distinct from mind and spirit that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
Extensive Properties
Mass and volume are extensive properties, but hardness is intensive.
Intensive Properties
a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system
mass
a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
volume
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container, especially when great.
Physical Property
is any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system.
Physical Change
are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition.
Chemical Property
a property or characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity of the substance is changed
Chemical Change
a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition
Phase (Phase of Matter)
The states in which matter can exist: as a solid, liquid, or gas. When temperature changes.
solid
firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.
liquid
a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.
gas
an airlike fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity.
freezing
below 32°F (0°C).
melting
make or become liquefied by heat.
vaporation
the conversion of a solid or a liquid into a gas.
element
a part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic.
Chemical Symbol
an abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element
compound
an abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element
mixture
a substance made by mixing other substances together.
Homogeneous Mixture
is simply any mixture that is uniform in composition throughout.
Solution
a means of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances in which the original substances retain their chemical properties.
Filtration
the action or process of filtering something.
Distillation
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.
Chemical Reaction
a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
Reactant
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
Product
an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale.
Precipitate
cause (an event or situation, typically one that is bad or undesirable) to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely.
Law of Conservation of Mass
the principle that in any closed system subjected to no external forces, the mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed. Expand
