chemistry unit 2 Flashcards
chemistry
science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed
matter
physical substance
extensive properties
mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured
intensive property
density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present.
mass
measure the amount of matter in an object.
volume
the quantity of three-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas
physical property
are: color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point,
physical change
include changing the color, shape, state of matter, or volume of a substance.
chemical property
a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity of the substance is changed
chemical change
involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance
phase (phase of matter)
The states in which matter can exist: as a solid, liquid, or gas.
solid
a state of matter characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable
liquid
is one state of matter that has no definite shape but it does have definite volume
gas
one of the phases of matter. The atoms or molecules in gases are more widely spaced than in solids or liquids
freezing
process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid.
melting
physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid
vaporization
element is converted from a liquid or a solid to a gas.
condensation
process of a substance in a gaseous state transforming into a liquid state
sublimation
a substance changes from a solid to a gas without ever passing through a liquid phase.
deposition
a process where a gas changes phase and turns directly in solid without passing through the liquid phase
pure substance
are made of only one type of atom or only one type of molecule
element
is composed of atoms that have the same atomic number, that is, each atom has the same number of protons in its nucleus as all other atoms
chemical symbol
formed by elements that bond together
compound
a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.
mixture
Any substance that has a uniform and unchanging composition is considered to be pure.
homogeneous mixture
substances and mixtures which are in a single phase
solution
a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances
heterogeneous mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances in which the original substances retain their chemical properties
filtration
any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass
distillation
the separating of the constituents of a liquid by boiling it and then condensing the vapor that results
chemical reaction
a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products
reactant
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
product
are the species formed from chemical reactions
precipitate
to happen suddenly
law of conservation of mass
is neither created nor destroyed. In a closed system, mass of reactants is equal to mass of products
