Chemistry: Unit 2

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

Carries positive charge; located in nucleus

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

Carries neutral charge; located in nucleus

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

Carries negative charge; located moving around the nucleus in shells

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

Two or more atoms chemically bound together

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

Two or more different atoms chemically bound together

Question 7

How do chemical bonds form

Answer 7

When electrons interact

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become negatively or positively charged

Question 9

Ionic bond

Answer 9

Bond formed when atoms exchange electrons

Question 10

Covalent bond

Answer 10

Bond formed when atoms share electrons

Question 11

Polar covalent bond

Answer 11

Electrons are shared unequally

Question 12

Nonvolatile covalent bond

Answer 12

Electrons are shared equally

Question 13

Hydrogen bond

Answer 13

Bond formed when positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule bonds to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule

Question 14

Structural formula

Answer 14

Uses chemical symbols and lines or graphics to show spatial arrangement

Question 15

Molecular

Answer 15

Uses chemical symbols and numbers

Question 16

Chemical reaction

Answer 16

Break or form bonds between atoms or molecules

Question 17

Reactants

Answer 17

Starting materials

Question 18

Products

Answer 18

Ending materials

Question 19

Synthesis reaction

Answer 19

Two or more reactants combine to form a bigger or more complex product

Question 20

Decomposition reaction

Answer 20

Bonda in a large/complex reactant break to form multiple smaller/simpler products

Question 21

Exchange (replacement) reaction

Answer 21

Bonds are broken and new bonds are formed as parts of two different molecules trade places

Question 22

Dissociation

Answer 22

Separation of ions due to polar affinities

Question 23

Electrolyte

Answer 23

Substance that releases ions in water; types are acids, bases, and salts

Question 24

pH scale

Answer 24

Measures hydrogen ion concentration; 0-14, pH 7 = neutral, under 7 = acidic, over 7 = alkaline

Question 25

Organic compound

Answer 25

Contain carbon hydrogen bonds; nonelectrolytes

Question 26

Inorganic

Answer 26

Electrolytes; water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inorganic salts

Question 27

Metabolic reactions

Answer 27

Solvent, solute, solution; substances are more likely to react when dissolved in water

Question 28

Solvent

Answer 28

Substance in which other substances dissolve

Question 29

Solute

Answer 29

Substance dissolved in a solvent

Question 30

Solution

Answer 30

Solvent + dissolved solutes

Question 31

Organic compounds

Answer 31

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 32

Metabolism

Answer 32

Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body; two categories of reactions: anabolic and catabolic

Question 33

Anabolism

Answer 33

Two or more reactants join to form a larger product; responsible for growth, maintenence, and repair

Question 34

Catabolism

Answer 34

A larger reactant is broken down into multiple smaller products; used in digestion

Question 35

Enzymes

Answer 35

Specialized globular proteins; speed up rate of chemical reactions; can be reused; components of enzymatic reaction: substrates and active site; product

Question 36

Cofactors

Answer 36

Do not bind with enzyme; ions or small organic molecules

Question 37

Coenzyme

Answer 37

Bind to enzyme; small organic molecules - often vitamins