Chemistry Unit 1 Flashcards
Final Exam Prep
Electronegativity is…
a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself.
We can determine the type of bond by determining the ____________ between atoms
Difference in electronegativity
> 1.7 is an ______ bond
Ionic
<1.7 is a ________ bond
Covalent
A non-polar bond is a ________ bond and has an _________ of _________.
covalent; difference in electronegativity; 0<EN<0.5
A polar bond is a __________ bond and has an __________ of ___________.
covalent; difference in electronegativity; 0.5<EN<1.7
Partial charges are when…
the distributions of charges among atoms are not equal; dipole moments
Partial charges occur because…
electrons are not shared equally.
Atom with _______ electronegativity attracts electrons and pulls them away from the other atom. These atoms develop a partial ______ charge and the other atom develops a partial ______ charge.
higher;negative;positive
Bond polarity is…
dealing with the polarity of a SINGLE bond in a molecule.
Molecular polarity…
deals with the polarity of the overall molecule.
TRUE or FALSE: Having a polar bond leads to a polar molecule
FALSE: Having a polar bond does not mean you have a polar molecule
Polar molecules are those that have a _______ dipole moment.
net
What does net dipole moment mean?
The general direction of movement for electrons or the general charge.
Where is the partial negative charge or partial positive charge in carbon and hydrogen?
There is none. It’s a non-polar molecule.
Intermolecular forces occur ________ molecules.
between; one molecule is attracted to another
Intramolecular forces occur ________ molecules.
within; bonds
Intramolecular forces define the ________ properties of a substance.
chemical
Intermolecular forces define the ________ properties of a substance.
physical
Are intramolecular forces stronger or weaker than intermolecular forces?
Stronger
Are intermolecular forces stronger or weaker than intramolecular forces?
Weaker
What are dipole-dipole forces?
Intermolecular forces that occur between oppositely charged ends of polar molecules.
What are hydrogen bonds?
A special type of dipole-dipole between hydrogen, and NOF (nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine).
What are London Dispersion Forces?
Forces that occur between all entities of molecules, including non-polar.
Non-polar molecules can have LDF due to…
temporary dipoles.
Ion-dipole forces are…
forces that occur between ions and polar molecules.
List the strength of the bonds. (weakest to strongest)
LDF, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bond, Ion-dipole, Ionic Bond
