Chemistry Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Flashcards
What do atoms contain
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What does the Nucleus contain
Protons and Neutrons
What is relative mass of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Proton =1
Neutron = 1
Electron = very small
What is relative charge of Proton, Neutron, and Electron
Proton = +1
Neutron = 0
Electron = -1
Why are atoms neutral
they have no overall charge because they have same number of protons and electrons
Why does an ion have an overall charge
Because the number number of protons is not the same as number of electrons so does not cancel out
What is Mass Number
Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
What is Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
Define Element
Consists of one type of atoms
What is a Compound
Substances formed from 2 or more elements, held together by chemical bonds
What does making bonds involve
Involved atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons
What happens in Ionic Bonding
Compound formed from a metal and a non-metal. The metal atom lose electrons to form positive ions and the Non-Metal gains electrons to form negative ion. The opposite charges of atoms means they are strongly attracted
What happens in Covalent Bonding
Compounds formed from 2 Non-Metals. Each atoms shares an electron with another atom
What is a mixture
Made up of 2 or more different chemical substances not chemically bonded
What can a mixture be
Elements or Compounds
What is Chromotography
A technique that can be used to seperate different dyes in an ink
What is a Chromotogram
The end result in chromotography which is a pattern of spots
What is Simple Distillation
A technique used to seperate liquids from a solution with very different boiling points
What happens in Simple Distillation (3 marks)
The solution is heated. The part of solution with the lowest boiling point evaporates first. The vapour is then cooled, condensed and is collected.
What is fractional distillation
A technique used to seperate a mixture of liquids from a solution with similar boiling points
What are metals
Elements which form positive ions when they react with non-metals
What are non-metals
Elements which form negative ions when they react with metals
4 Properties of Metals
Strong
Malleable
Great conductor of heat and electricity
High melting and boiling points
Properties of Non - Metals
Dull looking
Brittle
Not good at conducting electricity
low density
Trend in group 1 elements (3 marks)
As you go down, there is lower melting and boiling points. Also, elements become more reactive.
This is because as you go down, the shells go further away from the nucleus therefore has a weaker force of attraction so can easily react and lose an electron.
What do Alkali metals form with Non - Metals
Ionic Compounds
Reaction between Alkali metals and Water
They react vigorously to produce Hydrogen and Metal Hydroxide
Reaction between Alkali metals with Chlorine
They react vigorously to produce Metal Chloride
Reaction between Alkali metals with Oxygen
They react to produce Metal Oxide
What are Group 7 elements called
Halogens
Trend in group 7 elements (4 marks)
As you go down group 7, the elements have a higher melting and boiling point. They also become less reactive as you go down because it is harder to gain an electron in outer shell because ouoter shell is further away from nucleus as you go down because there is a weak force of attraction
What do Halogens form with Metals
Ionic Bonds
What are Group 0 elements called
Noble gases (Inert, Colourless gas)
Why are group 0 elements not reactive
They have a full outer shell so they are stable and do not need to react to gain or lose electrons
Trend in group 0 elements
As you go down, the boiling and melting point increases
This is because as you go down, the number of electrons increases leading to greater intermolecular force between them which need to be overcome.
