Chemistry Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Question 1

What do atoms contain

Answer 1

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 2

What does the Nucleus contain

Answer 2

Protons and Neutrons

Question 3

What is relative mass of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Answer 3

Proton =1
Neutron = 1
Electron = very small

Question 4

What is relative charge of Proton, Neutron, and Electron

Answer 4

Proton = +1
Neutron = 0
Electron = -1

Question 5

Why are atoms neutral

Answer 5

they have no overall charge because they have same number of protons and electrons

Question 6

Why does an ion have an overall charge

Answer 6

Because the number number of protons is not the same as number of electrons so does not cancel out

Question 7

What is Mass Number

Answer 7

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 8

What is Atomic Number

Answer 8

Number of protons in an atom

Question 9

Define Element

Answer 9

Consists of one type of atoms

Question 10

What is a Compound

Answer 10

Substances formed from 2 or more elements, held together by chemical bonds

Question 11

What does making bonds involve

Answer 11

Involved atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons

Question 12

What happens in Ionic Bonding

Answer 12

Compound formed from a metal and a non-metal. The metal atom lose electrons to form positive ions and the Non-Metal gains electrons to form negative ion. The opposite charges of atoms means they are strongly attracted

Question 13

What happens in Covalent Bonding

Answer 13

Compounds formed from 2 Non-Metals. Each atoms shares an electron with another atom

Question 14

What is a mixture

Answer 14

Made up of 2 or more different chemical substances not chemically bonded

Question 15

What can a mixture be

Answer 15

Elements or Compounds

Question 16

What is Chromotography

Answer 16

A technique that can be used to seperate different dyes in an ink

Question 17

What is a Chromotogram

Answer 17

The end result in chromotography which is a pattern of spots

Question 18

What is Simple Distillation

Answer 18

A technique used to seperate liquids from a solution with very different boiling points

Question 19

What happens in Simple Distillation (3 marks)

Answer 19

The solution is heated. The part of solution with the lowest boiling point evaporates first. The vapour is then cooled, condensed and is collected.

Question 20

What is fractional distillation

Answer 20

A technique used to seperate a mixture of liquids from a solution with similar boiling points

Question 21

What are metals

Answer 21

Elements which form positive ions when they react with non-metals

Question 22

What are non-metals

Answer 22

Elements which form negative ions when they react with metals

Question 23

4 Properties of Metals

Answer 23

Strong
Malleable
Great conductor of heat and electricity
High melting and boiling points

Question 24

Properties of Non - Metals

Answer 24

Dull looking
Brittle
Not good at conducting electricity
low density

Question 25

Trend in group 1 elements (3 marks)

Answer 25

As you go down, there is lower melting and boiling points. Also, elements become more reactive.
This is because as you go down, the shells go further away from the nucleus therefore has a weaker force of attraction so can easily react and lose an electron.

Question 26

What do Alkali metals form with Non - Metals

Answer 26

Ionic Compounds

Question 27

Reaction between Alkali metals and Water

Answer 27

They react vigorously to produce Hydrogen and Metal Hydroxide

Question 28

Reaction between Alkali metals with Chlorine

Answer 28

They react vigorously to produce Metal Chloride

Question 29

Reaction between Alkali metals with Oxygen

Answer 29

They react to produce Metal Oxide

Question 30

What are Group 7 elements called

Answer 30

Halogens

Question 31

Trend in group 7 elements (4 marks)

Answer 31

As you go down group 7, the elements have a higher melting and boiling point. They also become less reactive as you go down because it is harder to gain an electron in outer shell because ouoter shell is further away from nucleus as you go down because there is a weak force of attraction

Question 32

What do Halogens form with Metals

Answer 32

Ionic Bonds

Question 33

What are Group 0 elements called

Answer 33

Noble gases (Inert, Colourless gas)

Question 34

Why are group 0 elements not reactive

Answer 34

They have a full outer shell so they are stable and do not need to react to gain or lose electrons

Question 35

Trend in group 0 elements

Answer 35

As you go down, the boiling and melting point increases
This is because as you go down, the number of electrons increases leading to greater intermolecular force between them which need to be overcome.