Chemistry: the science of matter Flashcards
organic
carbon based compounds
inorganic
non-carbon based compounds
physical
energy involved in chemical changes
analytical
identification of components in materials which substances and how much
biochemistry
the study of substances and processes in living things/systems
theoretical
uses math and computers to study principles behind chemical behavior
nuclear
study of properties and transformations involving an atom’s nucleus
observing
gathering information
hypothesizing
an explanation of natural phenomena
a good hypothesis is:
- testable
- falsifiable (must be a way to disprove it)
independent variable
what the scientist changes
dependent variable
what is measured it changes in response to the independent variable
controlled variables or constants
everything else in the experiment that is not changed
experimental group
part of the experiment that is testing the independent variable
control group
part of the experiment that is identical to the experimental group, but it does not test the independent variable
independent is always on the ______ axis
x
dependent is always on the ______ axis
y
what is limited to the study of created matter and energy in the present?
the scope of science
what does science rely on
assumptions
this states that events in the universe have rational causes that we can learn about
law of cause and effect
what is dangerous about a long-held assumption?
it can end up being treated as a fact
ex. evolution
bias in science
humans tend to see and believe what they want to be true. this can lead to a biased scientist seeing evidence where none exists
approximations in science
science can provide only approximate descriptions of how the world works
what is matter?
anything that occupies space and has mass
what is mass?
the quantity of matter that a body possesses
what is weight?
the force of gravity on an object
the mass of an object is constant; however, weight depends on the strength of __________. Therefore, an object will weigh less on the moon, but it has the same mass
gravity
what is quantitative?
involves data, measurement, and quantities.
what is qualitative?
non-numerical observations such as color, order, and sound
length =
meter
mass =
kilogram
time =
second
temperature =
kelvin
what was developed in France and is based on units of 10?
metric system
what does “The Great Mighty King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk Many Nights People Felt Angry” stand for?
Tera Giga Mega Kilo Hecto Deka Base Deci Centi Milli Micro Nano Pico Femto Atto
formula for finding celsius
(5/9)(Tf)-32
formula for finding fahrenheit
(9/5)(Tc)+32
what is the coldest possible temperature? what happens to water?
absolute zero and the molecules cease vibrating
formula to find celsius from kelvin
Tc=Tk-273.15
what is precision
consistency or reproducibility of a measurement
what is accuracy
how close a measurement is to the actual, exact value
what is uncertainty
sometimes numbers, particularly in science, aren’t exact.
