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GCSE Chemistry > Chemistry test- Term 4 > Flashcards

Chemistry test- Term 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What ions do acids form in water?

A

H+ ions

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2
Q

When the concentration of hydrogen increases does the pH increase or decrease?

A

The pH decreases

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3
Q

Define an alkali

A

An alkali is a base that is soluble in water with a pH from 8-14

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4
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to produce salt + water

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5
Q

When the concentration of OH- (hydroxide) ions is high does that mean the pH will be high or low?

A

The pH will be high

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6
Q

What colour will litmus paper turn in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions?

A

Acidic- red
Neutral- Purple
Alkaline- Blue

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7
Q

What colour will methyl orange turn in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions ?

A

Acidic- Red
Neutral- Yellow
Alkaline- Yellow

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8
Q

What colour will phenolphthalein turn in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions ?

A

Acidic- Colourless
Neutral- Colourless
Alkaline- Pink

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9
Q

What is neutralisation and what is the equation?

A

The reaction between an acid and a base.
acid + base = salt + water

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10
Q

Are hydrogen and hydroxide ions equal at pH 7?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What does and acid and a metal produce?

A

Acid + metal = Salt + Hydrogen

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12
Q

What is the test for hydrogen

A

Lit splint in a test tube and if it is present you will hear a squeaky pop

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13
Q

What does an acid and metal carbonate produce

A

Acid + Metal carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

-Electrolysis is the breaking down of a substance using electricity.An electric current is passed through an electrode causing it to decompose.
- In electrolysis oxidation and reduction occur
- The cations (positive ions) in the electrolyte move towards the cathode (negative ions) and are reduced ( gain electrons)
- The negative ions (anions) in the electrolyte move towards the anode (positive electrode) and are oxidised
- As ions gain or lose electrons they form the uncharged substances and are discharged from the electrolyte

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15
Q

Which electrode do the positive ions travel towards?

A

Positive ions within the electrolyte migrate towards the negatively charged electrode which is the cathode

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16
Q

Which electrode do the negative ions travel toward?

A

Negative ions within the electrolyte migrate towards the positively charged electrode which is the anode

17
Q

What happens at a negative electrode?

A

H+ ions and metal ions are attracted to the negative electrode but only one will gain electrons
Either hydrogen or a metal will be produced
If the metal is above hydrogen in reactivity series, hydrogen will be produced – bubbling will be seen at the cathode

18
Q

What is the product at the anode in sodium chloride solution (NaCl)

A

Chlorine gas released

19
Q

What is the product at the cathode in sodium chloride solution (NaCl)

A

Hydrogen has released

20
Q

Describe electrolysis of molten compounds

A

Binary ionic compounds consists of just two elements joined together by ionic bonding
When these compounds are heated beyond their melting point, they become molten and can conduct electricity as their ions can move freely and carry the charge
These compounds undergo electrolysis and decompose into their constituent elements

21
Q

Find the empirical formula of ethane, C2H6

A

CH3

22
Q

An unknown compound has an empirical formula of CH3, and an Mr of 30. Find the molecular formula of the compound.

A

CH3 = Cx1 3xH so, 1x12 + 3x1 equals 15
30 divided by 15 = 2
So the empirical formula’s Mr goes into the unknown compound’s Mr 2 times.Look at the empirical formula: CH3, and multiply all the numbers by the multiple you just found (2).
So C2H6

23
Q

What is the formula for finding concentration?

A

Concentration = Mass / Volume

24
Q

How do you convert cm3 to dm3

A

To convert cm3 to dm3, divide by 1000.

25
Q

Define oxidation

A

Oxidation is when a substance loses electrons and reduction is when a substance gains electrons

GCSE Chemistry (2 decks)

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