Chemistry Test Revision Flashcards
Types of subatomic particles
Electrons, Neurons and Protons
What charge does a proton have?
Positive charge of +1
What charge does a neutron have?
Neutral charge of 0
What charge does an electron have?
Negative charge of -1
How to find the atomic mass?
Atomic mass = number of protons + neutrons
How to find the atomic number?
Atomic number = number of protons
How to find the number of protons?
Number of Protons = Atomic number
OR
Number of Protons = Number of electrons
How to find the number of electrons?
Number of Electrons = number of protons
How to find the number of neutrons?
Number of Neutrons = Atomic mass - number of protons
What are the ten chemical families?
alkali metals
alkali earth metals
transition metals
post-transition metals
metalloids
reactive nonmetals
halogens
noble gases
lanthanides
actinides
What are ions?
Atoms with more or less electrons than protons (negatively or positively charged)
What are Valence electrons?
Electrons on the outer electron shell
How many electrons can fit on each shell?
2, 8, 8
What is the thing that an atom really wants?
To have a full outer shell
Why are noble gasses stable?
Because they have a full valence electron shell
Why are atoms with 7 electrons so reactive?
Because they are only one electron away from having a full shell
What is Ionic Bonding?
A process where atoms give or take electrons from each other and then are bonded
What type of bonding is between metals and non metals?
Ionic Bonding
What type of bonding is between metals and non metals?
Covalent Bonding
When are atoms neutral?
When they have the same number of protons and neutrons
What is the mass of a proton?
1
What is the mass of a neutron?
1
What is the mass of an electron?
0 (1/1800)
Where are protons located?
In the nucleus
Where are neutrons located?
In the nucleus
Where are electrons located?
Orbiting nucleus in electron shells
What is an atom?
Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements
Atoms are the building blocks of life
What is an element?
A substance found on the periodic table (H = Hydrogen)
What is a compound?
A mixture of two or more elemwnts found on the periodic table ( Hydrogen + Oxygen = H2O )
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element but with a different number of neutrons (number of protons and electrons stays same)
Exanples of isotopes
Carbon 12 = 6 neutrons
Carbon 13 = 7 neutrons
Carbon 14 = 8 neutrons
Are groups on the periodic table columns or rows? (Down or across)
Columns (down)
What does the group number tell you?
How many electons are in the atoms outer shell
Is the
Are periods on the periodic table columns or rows? (Down or across)
Rows / Across
What does the period number tell you?
Says how many electron shells are being filled
What is ionic bonding
A bond between a non metal and a metal
What is covalent bonding
A bond between two metals
