Chemistry Test Chapters 1-4

Question 1

Experiment

Answer 1

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

an educated guess that is not backed by scientific research or data

Question 3

Scientific Law

Answer 3

Statements of natural phenomena to which no exceptions are known
a generally observed behavior without explanation as to why the behavior ocurrs
predicts WHAT will happen

Question 4

Theory

Answer 4

a well established hypothesis; an explanation of certain phenomena with considerable supporting evidence
explains WHY something happens

Question 5

Observation

Answer 5

sensory experiences that allow scientists to collect data on the natural world

Question 6

Matter

Answer 6

anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 7

Pure substances

Answer 7

a particular kind of matter that has fixed composition and distinct properties; homogeneous by definition
any type of matter with constant composition

Question 8

elements

Answer 8

a basic building block of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes

Question 9

Compounds

Answer 9

a substance containing two or more elements combined in definite proportion by mass

Question 10

Homogeneous matter

Answer 10

uniform in appearance and has the same properties throughout (elements, compounds, solutions)

Question 11

Heterogeneous matter

Answer 11

contains two or more physically distinct phases
Phase: a homogeneous part of system separated from other parts by physical boundaries

Question 12

Molecule

Answer 12

smallest uncharged individual part of a compound formed by the union of two or more atoms

Question 13

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 13

energy can be neither created nor destroyed; but it can be transformed from one form to another

Question 14

heat

Answer 14

energy that is transferred between objects due to differences in temperature

Question 15

Temperature

Answer 15

the measure of the random motions of components of a substance, or how hot or cold a substance is

Question 16

Chemistry

Answer 16

the science of the properties, composition, reactions and structure of matter

Question 17

Density

Answer 17

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by that substance

Question 18

Mass

Answer 18

how much matter an object has

Question 19

Volume

Answer 19

the amount of space occupied by matter

Question 20

Atom

Answer 20

smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction

Question 21

Chemical properties

Answer 21

describe the ability of a substance to form new substances either by reaction with substances or by decomposition

Question 22

Specific Heat

Answer 22

the quantity of heat (lost or gained) required to change the temperature of 1gram of a particular substance by 1 degree celsius

Question 23

groups/families

Answer 23

the columns of the periodic table

Question 24

periods/series

Answer 24

the rows of the periodic table

Question 25

Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 25

a compound always contains two or more elements chemically combined in definite proportion by mass