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Chemistry > Chemistry Test 6 > Flashcards

Chemistry Test 6 Flashcards

I want to cry

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1
Q

Who was Dmitri Mendeleev and what did he do?

A

Russian chemist who developed the first periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements.

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2
Q

The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom. Increases from left to right across a period. Decreases from top to bottom on a group. (Highest is Fluorine)

A

Ionization Energy

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3
Q

The periodic trend that predicts how atoms combine with each other; ability to attract electrons; measures the attraction of bonded atoms to electrons. Increases from left to right. Decreases when moving down a group. (Highest is Fluorine)

A

Electronegativity

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4
Q

The change in energy when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form an anion. Increases from left to right. Decreases from right to left from a group down. (Highest is Chlorine)

A

Electron Affinity

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5
Q

Distance from the center of the atom’s nucleus to its outermost electron. Increases from right to left when moving down a group from top to bottom. Decreases from right to left when moving across a period.

A

Atomic Radius

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6
Q

Referred to as brimstone in the Bible and exists in a variety of forms, including yellow, brittle, crystalline solid in its native form.

A

Sulfur

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7
Q

Good conductors of heat and electricity; usually hard, lustrous, malleable, shiny, and ductile. (Nickle, Zinc)

A

Metals

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8
Q

The element makes up 21% of the earth’s atmosphere and is the most abundant in the earth’s crust. It’s essential for life in all animals and humans. Exists as a diatomic or triatomic gas.

A

Oxygen

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9
Q

Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur; generally gasses or soft solids.

A

Nonmetals

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10
Q

The periodic trend that predicts how atoms combine with each other; ability to attract electrons.

A

Electronegativity

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11
Q

Nitrogen Family( Group 15); nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, muscovium.

A

Pnictogens

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12
Q

The lightest and most abundant element in the universe, is extremely flammable in air, and is used in the industrial production of ammonia.

A

Hydrogen

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13
Q

In general, where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table?

A

The far right side.

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14
Q

Why do elements in the same family have similar physical and chemical properties?

A

They have similar electron configurations.

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15
Q

Having characteristics of both metals and nonmetals; semiconductors (boron, silicon, arsenic, germanium, antimony, and tellurium)

A

Metalloids

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16
Q

(T or F) High electronegativities are associated with large ionization energies and high electron affinities.

A

True

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17
Q

A larger atomic radius means a __________ ionization energy; a smaller atomic radius means a __________ ionization energy.

A

Smaller; larger

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18
Q

The group of elements that tends to have the strongest electron affinity.

A

Halogens (Group 17)

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19
Q

(T or F) Generally, atomic radii increase when moving down a group or column in the periodic table.

A

True

20
Q

The name given to the horizontal rows in the periodic table.

A

Periods or series.

21
Q

Group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine)

A

Halogens

22
Q

One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together.

A

Atomic radius

23
Q

Oxygen has the ability to combine with other elements to form compounds called.

A

Oxides

24
Q

Some things that are on the periodic table.

A

Atomic mass, atomic number,

25
Q

Which element is the most reactive as well as the most electronegative?

A

Fluorine

26
Q

Group 18; helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

A

Noble Gasses

27
Q

Group 2; elements that are mostly geological minerals that are dissolved slightly in water.

A

Alkaline-earth metals.

28
Q

Exists as a diatomic molecule, tasteless, odorless, and accounts for 78% of the earth’s atmosphere.

A

Nitrogen

29
Q

The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom.

A

Ionization energy.

30
Q

What kind of metals are Lanthanides and actinides.

A

Inner transition metals.

31
Q

(T or F) The periodic trend for first ionization energy is opposite of atomic radii.

A

True

32
Q

Groups 3-12; highest energy electrons in interior d sublevels.

A

Transition metals.

33
Q

What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature?

A

Mercury.

34
Q

Size of an ion ( anion, neutral, cation)

A

ionic radius

35
Q

(T or F) None of the noble gasses from compounds with other elements.

A

False

36
Q

(T or F) Graphite and Diamond are both composed of the same element: carbon.

A

True

37
Q

Very reactive metals that will readily lose their valence electron to form ionic compounds. In group 1. (Cesium, Francium)

A

Alkali Metals

38
Q

What elements and what group are Alkali Metals?

A

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium. Group 1 (Minus Hydrogen)

39
Q

What elements and what group are Alkaline earth Metals?

A

Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium. Group 2

40
Q

What elements and groups are Transition Metals in?

A

Scandium, Titanium, Chromium, Manganese, etc. group 3-12.

41
Q

What elements are what groups are Basic Metals in?

A

Group 13 (Minus Boron), Group 14 ( Tin, Lead, and flerovium) Group 15 ( Bismuth and Moscovium) Group 16 (livermorium)

42
Q

What group and what elements are in Metalloids in?

A

Group 13-16. Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium. (Staircase)

43
Q

What group and what elements are Nonmetals in?

A

Group 1: Hydrogen. Group 14-16: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium.

44
Q

What group and what elements are Halogens in?

A

Group 17-18. Fluorine, Chlorine, helium, Neon, etc.

45
Q

What are the vertical columns called?

A

Groups or Families.

46
Q

Are anions bigger than their neutral forms, why or why not?

A

Anions are bigger than their neutral forms because there are more electrons in the valence shell, which makes it bigger.

Chemistry (4 decks)

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