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Spring 2014 > Chemistry Test 2 > Flashcards

Chemistry Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the charges for transition metals (groups 3-12)?

A

they can have multiple charges

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2
Q

How do you show the value of a transition’s metals ionic charge in nomenclature?

A

the roman numeral of the charge in parenthesis after the metal’s name

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3
Q

The characteristics of a substance that do not involve a chemical change.

Examples: density, color of it, hardness

A

Physical properties

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4
Q

Describes a substance’s chemical reactivity (ability to do something)

Examples: burn, ability to rust, decompose, to be flammable

A

Chemical property

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5
Q

Changes that do not alter its chemical composition (Can I go back to my original substance?)

Examples: ice melting, water freezing, dissolving salt in water

A

Physical Change

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6
Q

Alter the chemical compostition and forms one or morenew substances.

Examples: sterling silver collecting tarnish, dough baking in the oven, cooking stuff

A

Chemical change or Chemical reaction

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7
Q

A rearrangement of atoms in which atoms of the original bonds are broken and new ones are formed to give a different chemical structure.

A

Chemical Reaction

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8
Q

What is a basic formula for a chemical reation?

A

A + B → C + D

reactants products

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9
Q

Name some evidence of chemical reactions.

A

color changes

odor changes

gas bubbles form

solid particles called parcipitate form in a solution

heat is produced or absorbed

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10
Q

When is a chemical equation balanced?

A

when the number of atoms on each element on the left side of the equation equals the number on the right side

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11
Q

What are rules for balancing equations?

A

you cannot change supscripts; you can only place numbers (coefficients) in front of the chemical formulas to balance the number of atoms

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12
Q

What is the rule for balancing polyatomics?

A

they stay intact during the reaction and you balance them as a unit

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13
Q

What does all chemical reactions involve?

A

a change in energy

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14
Q

What has to happen to break bonds?

A

energy must be absorbed

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15
Q

What has to happen to form bonds?

A

energy has to be released

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16
Q

Energy is absorbed or released in the form of what?

A

light, heat, electrical energy, or sound

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17
Q

When a net release of energy to the surroundings occurs in a reaction.

A

exothermic reaction

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18
Q

a net absorbtion of energy from the suroundings occurs.

A

endothermic reaction

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19
Q

What is the energy necessary to start a chemical reaction is called?

A

activation energy

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20
Q

To react, what must the molecules (or atoms or ions) do?

A

They must collide in the proper orientation and with enough kinectic energy to break bonds

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?

A

one amu is the mass unit of equal to exactly 1/12 the mass of a C-12 atom

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23
Q

The sum of the atomic weights (in amu) of all the atoms in a compound.

A

formula weight

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24
Q

Calculated just like formula weight, but the term is only correct when strictly reerring to molecular (covalent) compounds

A

molecular weight

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25
Q

A reaction of at least 2 substances that forms a new compound.

Show the formula.

A

synthesis formula

A + B → AB

* synthesis reactions always join substances

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26
Q

A reaction where a compoundbreaks down into at least 2 parts.

Show the formula.

A

Decomposition Reaction

AB → A + B

27
Q

A reaction in which a hydrocarbon and oxygen burn to form carbon dioxide and water.

Show the formula.

A

Combustion Reaction

A + O2 → CO2 + H2O

28
Q

A reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound.

Show the formula.

A

Single Replacement Reaction

AX + B → BX + A

29
Q

A reaction in which there is an exchange of ions between two compounds.

Show the formula.

A

Double Replacement Reaction

AX + BY → AY + BX

30
Q

The SI unit used to measure the amount of substances (usually ions, atoms, or molecules) in terms of weight.

A

Mole (mol)

6.02 X 1023 is a mole

31
Q

What is Avogradro’s Number?

A

the amount of substance that contains the same number of atoms as there are in exactly 12 grams of C-12

6.02 X 1023

32
Q

There are 6.02 X 1023 atoms of Cu in 1 mol of Cu, and 1 mole of Cu wieghs 63.55g (same for all other elements)

A

Mass relationship

33
Q

mass of one mole of a substance

A

molar mass

34
Q

the substances being dissolved

A

solute

35
Q

present in the loargest amount; what the substance is being dissolve in

A

solvent

36
Q

quantity of solute in a solution

A

concentration

37
Q

when the solute is low

A

dilute

38
Q

solute concentration is high

A

concentration

39
Q

The number of mol of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

A

molar connection or molarity

40
Q

What is the Equation for molarity?

A

Molarity = mol of solute

                  liter of solution

M = mol

   L
41
Q

Describe acids.

A

disolve in water

conduct electricity

taste sour

react w/ metals and release H2 gas

change litmus paper from blue to red

42
Q

Acids are either strong or weak depending on what in the solution?

A

Degree of dissociation

43
Q

Acids that completely disolve in a solvent

A

strong acids

44
Q

Acids that only partially ionize in a solvent

A

Weak acids

45
Q

The method of expressing the degree of acidity of a solution

A

pH

46
Q

Means that a change of one pH unit represents a change in H+ concentration by factor of 10

A

a log scale

47
Q

What does a pH Scale range from?

A

0-14

48
Q

What is considered basic, acidic, or neutral.

A

pH < acidic

pH = neutral

pH > basic

49
Q

A substance in aqueous solution that ionizes to form hydrogen ions, H+, hydronium ions, H3O+

A

Arrhenius definition of an acid

50
Q

What kind of bonds does carbon atoms nearly always form?

A

strong covalent bonds

51
Q

What contains carbon and hydrogen, but may also contain many other elements such as O, N, S, P, and the halogens?

A

Organic Compounds

52
Q

What are the simplest class of organic compounds called?

A

hydrocarbons

53
Q

What 3 categories can hydrocarbons be classified in?

A

alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

54
Q

What is the simplest hydrocarbon with carbon atoms connected by single bonds called?

A

alkenes

55
Q

What is the molecular formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+n

56
Q

What is the class of hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms?

A

alkenes

57
Q

What is the molecular formula of alkenes?

A

CnH2n

58
Q

What is the hydrocarbon class that contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms called?

A

alkynes

59
Q

What is the moleculor formula of alkynes?

A

CnH2n-2

60
Q

Carbon compounds that form ring structures or ring compounds are called what?

A

aromatic hydrocarbons

61
Q

Name some aromatic compounds.

A

Cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane

62
Q

name the prefixes for 1 - 8

A

1 - meth

2 - eth

3 - pro

4 - but

5 - pent

6 - hex

7 - hept

8 - oct

63
Q

What are organic compounds that can contain certain common groups of elements called?

A

functional groups

Spring 2014 (5 decks)

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