chemistry test 1-2 Flashcards
science
body of knowledge
chemistry
center of science, deals with structure and compsition
organic
compounds with carbon(drugs, flavors, plastics)
inorganic
anything other than carbon(acids, bases, salts, metals)
physical
interactions and transformations of chemicals
analytical
“chemist”, identifies composition
biochemistry
chemistry within living things(proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids)
theoretical
math and laws, research and development
electro chemistry
charge and electron potential (batteries, current, corrosion)
environmental
impact natural resources(Ozone, pollution, toxic waste)
nuclear
atomic changes from a reaction(fission, fusion, radioactive decay)
concerns of chemistry
chemical production causes pollution, by-products, side-effects, inherent dangers; science knowledge is at best incomplete, long term effects are always a concern
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency- to control the pollution of the environment and preserve natural resources.
FDA
Food and Drug Administration- testing and approval of consumer products to be put on the market
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Hazard Administration- monitoring and labeling of chemicals in the workplace (chemical safety)
ACS
American Chemical Society- provides current chemical literature and educates professionals in chemical fields.
Classifying matter is based on…
complexity
element
pure substance that cannot be further decomposed.
mixture
only physically united, can be anything that’s not pure, has no formula
compound
can be divided into 2 or more simpler components, exact formula
filtering
separation of an insoluble ingredient (salt and pepper)
sorting
selecting of an ingredient from various samples(mining)
magnetism
removal of materials based on magnetic property(iron ore)
distillation
parts collected based on boiling points(water purification)
fractional distillation
separation of a mixture based on component parts
extraction
dissolving out an ingredient by solubility(flavors from oils, stains)
gravitation
separating by density(gold panning, wheat harvesting)
periodic divisions
natural elements(1-92)(found in environment)
lab elements(93-118)(artificial, lab discovery)
vertical organization on the periodic table is divided by….
groups/families
horizontal organization on the periodic table is divided by….
periods/rows
metals are…
-defined by luster
-ductility
-malleability
-good reflector of heat and light
-good conductor of heat and electricity
-divided by “staircase”(except hydrogen)
nonmetals are…
-poor conductors
-dull in color
-brittle
-many are gasses
metalloids are…..
elements with characteristics of both metals and non metals
noble gasses
nonreactive elements of the final group
mass
amount of matter
inertia
resistance that matter offers to change position or motion
atom
smallest unit of an element
element
pure substance, only 1 atom
compound
2 or more elements chemically bonded
substance
pure form of matter
plasma
high temperature state where atoms lose electrons
phase changes are all…
physical changes
evaporation occurs
only on the surface of the liquid
sublimation
solid to gas
vaporization
a vapor is produced(any phase)
physical property
characteristic determined without changing the identity of the material
chemical property
characteristic defined because of a reaction (oxidation, corrosion, flammability, acid reacting, water reacting)
SI units are…
a system of 10
base units
can be measured directly
derived units
combining units, calculations
D=
M/V
V=
M/D
M=
(D)(V)
