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Chemistry term 2 and 3 > chemistry term 3 > Flashcards

chemistry term 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

describe how the water cycle works

A

(the energy to drive this cycle comes from the sun

  • water evaporates from areas of water (sea, lakes), and enters the atmosphere
  • water cools and turn into liquid water, forming clouds (tiny water droplets)
  • water droplets stick together
  • rain clouds are formed
  • water falls back to the surface as rain, hail or snow
  • water is either absorbed by plants or back to sea
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2
Q

describe how the carbon cycle works

A
  • respiration and combustion release carbon dioxide into the air
  • carbon dioxide in air
  • photosynthesis in plants remove carbon dioxide from air
  • photosynthesis in plants releases oxygen into the air
  • oxygen in air
  • respiration and combustion remove oxygen from the air
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3
Q

what percentage of clean air is nitrogen ?

A

76%

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4
Q

what percentage of clean air is oxygen

A

21%

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5
Q

what percentage of clean air is argon ?

A

0.9%

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6
Q

name 4 air pollutants and how they’re produced

A

sulphur dioxide - burning fossil fuels

carbon monoxide - forms when combustion reactions aren’t fully completed

nitrogen dioxide - reactions of nitrogen oxides with air

methane - farm

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7
Q

boiling point for nitrogen and oxygen

A

nitrogen =
-196 degrees Celsius

oxygen =
-183 degrees celsius

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8
Q

what is an oxide ?

A

compound of oxygen with other element(s)

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9
Q

name the 4 type of oxides

A

acidic oxides
-produces an acidic solution when combined with water

basic oxides
-makes a base when combined with water

amphoteric oxides
-makes an alkaline solution when combined with water. behaves like both an acid and a base

neutral oxides
-no reaction when dissolved in water

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10
Q

metal element + acid —–> salt + ?

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

compound (base) + acid ——> salt + ?

A

h2o (Water)

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12
Q

acids _______ h+ ions when dissolved in water

A

acids PRODUCE h+ ions when dissolved in water

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13
Q

bases ____ __ h+ ions and produce ___ (hydroxide ions) when dissolved in water

A

bases TAKE IN h+ ions and produce OH- (hydroxide ion) when dissolved in water

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14
Q

noble gasses are very ______ and unlikely to form chemical _____ because they have very little tendency to ____ or ____ electrons because they contain a full valence of ________

A

noble gasses are very STABLE and unlikely to form chemical BONDS because they have very little tendency to GAIN or LOSE electrons because the contain a full valence of ELECTRONS

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15
Q

what is electrolysis ?

A

separation of elements

(example: aqueous sodium chloride.

negative electrode = hydrogen gas
positive electrode = chlorine gas

solution of sodium hydroxide also forms)

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16
Q

what are positive metal ions attracted to and why?

A

attracted to the negative electrode where they gain and form metal atoms

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17
Q

what is the atomic number

A

number of protons & electrons

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18
Q

how do you find the number of neutrons

A

mass number subtracted by atomic number

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19
Q

group 1 elements have _ electron in their outer shell
group 2 elements have _ electrons in their outer shell
group 3 elements have _ electrons in their outer shell
group 8 elements have _ electrons in their outer shell

A

group 1 elements have 1 electron in their outer shell
group 2 elements have 2 electrons in their outer shell
group 3 elements have 3 electrons in their outer shell
group 8 elements have 8 electrons in their outer shell

etc..

20
Q

diamond and graphite,

each carbon atom is linked to _ other carbon atoms by strong ________ bonds

A

each carbon atom is linked to 4 other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds

21
Q

sodium oxide is

acidic or alkaline ?

A

alkaline

22
Q

pH scale, the higher the value the more ________

A

alkaline

23
Q

universal indicator.

acids show up as … ???

A

red - yellow

24
Q

universal indicator.

alkalies show up as … ???

A

blue - purple

25
Q

hydrogen is

acidic OR alkaline OR neither ??

A

neither

26
Q

acids react with metal __________ to give out carbon dioxide along with _____ and water

A

acids react with metal carbonates to give out carbon dioxide along with salts and water

27
Q

zinc oxide and zinc carbonate react with hydrochloride acid to form ____ ________

A

zinc chloride

28
Q

name the 5 things that happen to the states of matter

A

melting - from solid to liquid (example: ice cubes to water)
evaporation - liquid to gas
freezing -liquid to solid (water to ice cubes)
condensation - water vapour to liquid
sublimation - solid to gas without it become liquid

29
Q

what is pure water and what is one way of knowing a liquid is pure water?

A

pure water = distilled water (meaning, it has no salts)

knowing: boils at 100 degrees celsius sharp

30
Q

what is chromatography

A

separating components of a mixture

example: determining the presence of alcohol in blood

31
Q

whats crystallization

A

purification of substances. separation technique used to separate solids from a solution

32
Q

what’s filtration

A

removes insoluble objects from a liquid

33
Q

what’s a nucelon number ?

A

total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom

34
Q

what’s the relative charge of protons, neutrons and electrons

A 
proton = +1
neutron = 0
electron = -1
35
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron ?

A 
proton = 1
neutron = 1
electron = 1/2000
36
Q

give an example of a base and an acid

A

acid = hydrochloric acid

base = sodium carbonate

37
Q

what does chlorination do?

A

kills bacteria

38
Q

state the 2 oxides that cause acid rain

A

SO2 and NOX

39
Q

give 2 examples of amphoteric oxides

A

PbO and Al2O3

40
Q

2 examples of neutral oxides

A

N2O and CO

41
Q

2 examples of acidic oxides

A

SO3

CO2

42
Q

evaporating sea water gives us _____ ____ (NaCl)

A

table salt

43
Q

test for carbon dioxide and positive result

A

test = bubble the gas through lime water

positive result = lime water turns milky

44
Q

a substance that can be used as the inert electrodes

A

graphite

45
Q

Formula for the four ions found in aqueous sodium chloride

A

Na+, Cl-, H+, OH-

Chemistry term 2 and 3 (2 decks)

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