Chemistry summ 1 Flashcards
is the study of matter and
the changes that matter undergoes
Chemistry
Properties of matter according to change involved during measurement of the property
Physical and Chemical
According to dependence on the amount of matter
Intensive and Extensive
Some properties can be readily measured with our
senses
Physical Properties
Describe the reactivity of a substance
toward other substances.
Chemical Properties
Independent of the amount of the substance
that is present.
Intensive Properties
Dependent upon the amount of the substance
present.
Extensive Properties
Boiling point
intensive
Weight
extensive
Volume
extensive
Density
intensive
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter
The smallest stable building block of matter. Made up of protons, neutrons & electrons.
Atom
Groups of atoms held together with a specific
connectivity and shape
Molecule
Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct
properties
Pure Substance
All atoms are the same kind
Elements
Contains more than one type of atom, but all molecules
(or repeat units) are the same
Compounds
Have variable compositions and can be separated into
parts by physical methods.
Mixture
Composition and
properties are non-uniform
Heterogeneous Mixture
Composition and
properties are uniform. Sometimes called a
solution.
Homogeneous Mixture
is obtained by dividing the
mass by the volume
Density
is the temperature at which a
substance changes from solid to liquid
melting point
is the temperature at which a substance changes
from liquid to gas.
boiling
point
It is the force of attraction between a magnet and
a magnetic object
Magnetism
measures how much of a substance
dissolve in a given volume of a liquid
Solubility
It is a measure of the ability of a substance to
conduct heat
Thermal Conductivity
It measures the amount of electrical current a
material can carry or its ability to carry a current
Electrical Conductivity
The components are separated based on physical
characters like shape, size, and appearance like
removing stones or husk particles from grains
. Mechanical Picking
Separate mixtures that contain substances mostly
of different sizes. All the smaller substances pass through
easily while the bigger components.
Sieving
Separate a magnetic solid from a heterogeneous
mixture
Magnetic Separation
To separate a volatile solid from a non-volatile
solid. An example is the separation of iodine from sand or
the separation of ammonium chloride from the sand.
Sublimation
Separate the components of a specific mixture
with different densities and are insoluble in a particular
solven
Gravity Separation
is a process by which heavier
impurities in a liquid, usually water, settle down at the
bottom of the mixture’s container
Sedimentation
Separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous
mixture using a filtering membrane, like paper or cloth.
Filtration
The solid substance
that settles down is called
sediment
the upper
liquid is carefully poured into another beaker without
disturbing sediments.
decantation
Separate a mixture of a solvent and a soluble solid.
The solution is heated until the organic solvent
evaporates, where it turns into a gas and mostly leaves
behind the solid residue
Evaporation
Separate a liquid in a homogeneous mixture. In
boiling mixtures of two substances with different boiling
points, the lower boiling point will evaporate and
condense back as distillate in another container.
Distillation