Chemistry Semester 2 Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons are molecules containing carbon and hydrogen.
What makes a hydrocarbon a fuel?
A hydrocarbon is a fuel, as it stores chemical energy within the covalent networks. The combustion of a hydrocarbon can be complete or incomplete.
What is complete combustion?
Complete combustion occurs when there is sufficient oxygen atoms.
What is incomplete combustion (hydrocarbons)?
Complete combustion occurs when there is not sufficient oxygen atoms to create carbon dioxide and water. Not enough oxygen moles present, carbon atoms may combine with one atom of oxygen to form carbon monoxide.
Why are hydrocarbons considered fuel?
When hydrocarbons are used as energy for other chemical reactions to occur, they are called fuels
What physical properties of hydrocarbons determined by?
The physical properties of hydrocarbons are determined by the size of the molecule and the length of the chain. As the chain increases the boiling and melting point also increase. The strength of intermolecular dispersion forces also increase.
What is a functional group?
A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms responsible for chemical reactions of a molecule.
What is an alkane?
An alkane is a general carbon-carbon single bonds. All end in ane
What is an alkene?
Include a carbon-carbon double bond.. CnH2n
All end in ene
List the nomenclature molecular names:
meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec
What is an alkyne?
An alkyne includes a carbon-carbon triple bond. Ends in yne, CnH2n-2
What does a saturated hydrocarbon mean, what does it mean if it is unsaturated?
If an organic compound is saturated it means that it contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms around each carbon
If it has less than the maximum, then it is classified as unsaturated
Alkanes are saturated, alkynes and alkenes are unsaturated.
Addition v substitution reactions ?
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are are atoms of the same element that have a different number of protons, but a differing number of neutrons.
What is a mole?
A mole is a unit of measurement that is the amount of a pure substance containing 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/molecules of that substance.
What is a nanoparticle?
A nanoparticle is a small particle ranging from 1-100nm in size.
Define electronegativity.
Electronegativity is an atoms ability to attract another bonding electron pair, ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Fluorine is the most electronegative.
What are the products and reactants of complete combustion?
h
What are the products and reactants of incomplete combustion?
Brainstorm SHE Concept influence:
- Why the research was done: Economical, social, ethical, cultural influences
What is molar mass?
Molar mass iof a substance is the mass of 1 mole of it (can be found on the periodic table).
What is molecular formula?
Moecular formula is the actual number of each kind of atom in the molecule, (when calculating molecular formula check against total molar mass)
What is empirical formula?
Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in the compound. Simplified molecular formula
What is a polymer?
A polymer is a very large molecule comprised off small repeating structural units called monomers.
Condensation vs addition polymers?
Addition polymers are identical repeating units where as condensation polymers involve two different monomers and produce water.
In a galvanic cell, how do you tell which half cell is the anode, and which is the cathode?
The more reactive of the 2 metals is the anode, the negative electrode. The less rective of the 2 metals is called the cathode, the positive electrode.
In the galvanic cell, which half cells do oxidation and reduction take place?
Oxidation always takes place at the anode, reduction at the cathode.
What is the purpose of the salt bridge in a galvanic cell?
The salt bridge allows for
