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T-STEM > Chemistry S2 Final > Flashcards

Chemistry S2 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What factors affect reaction rates?

A

Temp (T), Concentration ( [ ] ), Particle Size, Catalyst

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2
Q

What factors affect equilibrium?

A

T, [ ]

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3
Q

What factors affect Keq

A

T

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4
Q

Is a spontaneous reaction always fast?

A

No, it will just happen naturally

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5
Q

Describe how a catalyst increases reaction rates

A

Lowers the Activation Energy

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6
Q

Describe how increasing temperature increases reaction rates

A

Increases of the number and energy of frequencies

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7
Q

Describe how increasing concentration increases reaction rates

A

Increases # of collisions

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8
Q

Describe how decreasing particle size increases reaction rates

A

Increases the surface area

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9
Q

Keq = ??

A

Products / Reactants

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10
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

6.02 x 10^23

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11
Q

What Keq is thermodynamically favorable

A

Keq > 1

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12
Q

Relationship between pOH and pH

A

14 = pOH + pH

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13
Q

Relationship between pOH and [OH-]

A

pOH = - log [OH-]
[OH-] = 10^-(pOH)

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14
Q

What are the four indications (signs) a chemical reactions might have happened?

A

Change in color, different state, produced solid (precipitation), temp. change.

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15
Q

What are the four “driving forces” of a chemical reaction? (not enthalpy and entropy)

A

Formation of Solid, formation of water, transfer of electrons (redox), formation of a gas

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16
Q

Enthalpy

A

Sum of a thermodynamic system’s energy

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17
Q

Entropy

A

State of disorder or randomness

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18
Q

What two compounds are always produced in a combustion reaction?

A

CO2 + H2O

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19
Q

Which reactions are redox?

A

Almost anything that isn’t double replacement

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20
Q

Dissolve

A

Go into solution

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21
Q

Dissociate

A

Break apart into separate atoms or ions

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22
Q

Ionize

A

Break apart into separate ions

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23
Q

Double Replacement

A

Two ionic compounds in an aqueous solution. Ions swap partners

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24
Q

Decomposition

A

A single reactant breaks into two or more products

25
Q

Synthesis

A

Two or more reactants become one product

26
Q

Combustion

A

A fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) reacts with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O

27
Q

Oxidation state calculations

A

Oxygen is negative. Calculate the rest of the “fake charges”

28
Q

Endo(thermic) reaction

A

Gain of energy (requires heat), Hrxn is positive, “feels” cold

29
Q

Exo(thermic) reaction

A

Loss of energy (gives off heat), Hrxn is negative, “feels” hot

30
Q

Breaking bonds is (exo/endo)?

A

Endo

31
Q

Water heat capacity

A

4.18 J / g * K

32
Q

Thermochem equations

A

q = C * m * ∆T
∆G⁰ = ∆H⁰ - T * ∆S⁰

33
Q

As temperature decreases, pressure…

A

decreases

34
Q

As the number of gas particles increases, pressure…

A

increases

35
Q

As the volume of a container decreases, pressure…

A

increases

36
Q

As the temperature decreases, volume…

A

decreases

37
Q

(T or F) A gas made up of large particles will behave more like an ideal gas than one made up of small particles

A

False (F)

38
Q

(T or F) A gas will behave more like an ideal gas as temperature lowers near the point of condensation.

A

False (F)

39
Q

Colligative Properties Equation(s)

A

PV = nRT
P1V1=P2V2
V1/T1 = V2/T2

40
Q

Rate of Effusion formula

A

Rate of A / Rate of B =
Sqrt ( MM B )
( MM A )

41
Q

Molality

A

Mol of Solute / kg of solute

42
Q

Molarity

A

Mol of Solute / L of solute

43
Q

Mole fraction

A

mol / total moles

44
Q

Volotile

A

ability to evaporate

45
Q

Electrolyte

A

ionic compound

46
Q

Vapor pressure

A

Pressure of the gas phase above the liquid phase

47
Q

Boiling Point
Freezing Point

A

Increases
Decreases

48
Q

R =

A

R = 0.0821 L * atm * mol^-1 * K^-1

49
Q

Radioactive

A

Undergoes spontaneous nuclear decay

50
Q

Half Life

A

Time it takes for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay

51
Q

Fusion

A

Combining to light nuclei to form a heavier nuclei

52
Q

Fission

A

Splitting one heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers

53
Q

Critical Mass

A

Amount of radioactive material necessary for fission to occur

54
Q

Alpha Particle

A

4
2 He

55
Q

Beta Particle

A

0
-1 e

56
Q

Gamma Particle

A

0
0 Y

57
Q

Positron

A

0
1 e

58
Q

Neutron

A

1
0 n

59
Q

Last stable element

A

Bismuth (83)

T-STEM (2 decks)

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