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Chemistry > Chemistry S2 Exam > Flashcards

Chemistry S2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 states of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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2
Q

What are all substances made of?

A

atoms

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3
Q

What are atoms?

A

small particles that make up matter

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4
Q

What are atoms arranged in?

A

different solids, liquids and gases

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5
Q

Say 4 things about solids?

A

-vibrate in a fixed position
-close together
-have a fixed shape
-arranged in a regular pattern

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6
Q

Say 4 things about liquids?

A

-arranged in a random way
-move around each other
-don’t have a fixed shape
-close together

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7
Q

Say 4 things about gases?

A

-don’t have a fixed shape
-arranged in a random way
-move quickly in all directions
-far apart from each other

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8
Q

Can a solid be compressed and why?

A

No. The particles are really close together (not possible to get closer)

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9
Q

Can a liquid be compressed and why?

A

No. The particles are still very close together

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10
Q

Can a gas be compressed and why?

A

Yes. There are big spaces between particles that can be ‘squashed’

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11
Q

What is the changing of states in melting?

A

solid to liquid (ice to water)

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12
Q

What is the changing of states in boiling?

A

liquid to gas (water to steam)

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13
Q

What is the changing of states in condensing?

A

gas to liquid (steam to water)

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14
Q

What is the changing of states in freezing?

A

liquid to solid (water to ice)

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15
Q

What is sublimation?

A

the process by which solids turn into gases without melting into a liquid first e.g solid to gas

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16
Q

What is water’s melting point, boiling point and its state at room temperature?

A

melting point: 0°C
boiling point: 100°C
state at 25°C: liquid

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17
Q

What is mercury’s melting point, boiling point and its state at room temperature?

A

melting point: -39°C
boiling point: 357°C
state at 25°C: liquid

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18
Q

What is iron’s melting point, boiling point and its state at room temperature?

A

melting point: 1538°C
boiling point: 3000°C
state at 25°C: solid

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19
Q

What is oxygen’s melting point, boiling point and its state at room temperature?

A

melting point: -218°C
boiling point: -183°C
state at 25°C: gas

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20
Q

What is bromine’s melting point, boiling point and its state at room temperature?

A

melting point: -7.2°C
boiling point: 59°C
state at 25°C: liquid

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21
Q

Why do gases have a greater volume than liquids?

A

much more space between gas particles so they take up a greater volume

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22
Q

When you breathe on a cold surface like a window why does it go foggy?

A

condensation; warm water vapour lands on the colder surface, it condenses back into a liquid

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23
Q

What is viscosity?

A

measure of how easily a liquid flows (the slower it flows the higher the viscosity)

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24
Q

What is a variable?

A

something that changes

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25
Q

What is diffusion?

A

when the particles of a substance move through those of another substance

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26
Q

What happens when objects get hot?

A

they expand

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27
Q

What happens when objects get cold?

A

they contract

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28
Q

What happens when a bimetallic strip is heated?

A

the brass expands more than the iron which causes the strip to bend more towards the iron side

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29
Q

What happens when substances are heated?

A

their particles move further apart occupying more space or they expand

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30
Q

Why don’t we get squashed by air pressure?

A

pressure inside us pushes out balancing air pressure that is pushing in

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31
Q

What happens the higher you go in the atmosphere?

A

there is less air so the air pressure decreases

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32
Q

What does immiscible mean?

A

liquids not able to be mixed

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33
Q

What happens if something has a density lower than water?

A

it always floats

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34
Q

What happens if something has a density higher than water?

A

it sinks

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35
Q

How do you work out density?

A

Density = mass/volume

36
Q

What is an element?

A

a substance made up of only one type of atom

37
Q

Approximately how many elements are there?

A

118

38
Q

How were the elements of the periodic table grouped together?

A

based on their chemical properties

39
Q

What does each element have?

A

a symbol and an atomic number

40
Q

How can you tell if an element is a conductor or not?

A

if the light bulb lights up the element is a metal

41
Q

What is a group in the periodic table?

A

vertical column (elements in the same group have similar chemical properties)

42
Q

What are the names of the groups in the periodic table?

A

-alkali metals
-transition metals
-halogens
-noble gases

43
Q

When are compound formed?

A

the atoms of elements join together

44
Q

What do the vast majority of substances exist as?

A

compounds

45
Q

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

A

-an element is a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom
-a compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together

46
Q

What is meant by the term molecule?

A

a molecule is a group of atoms joined together

47
Q

What happens if a compound contains 2 elements?

A

-ide

48
Q

What happens if a compound contains 3 elements, one of which is oxygen?

A

-ite or -ate

49
Q

How can compounds be broken down into their elements again?

A

the technique called Electrolysis (meaning splitting compounds using electricity)

50
Q

In many compounds what do the atoms that join together in groups called?

A

molecules

51
Q

How are compounds and mixtures different?

A

in a mixture that atoms are not joined together

52
Q

When does a chemical reaction occur?

A

when elements and compounds change into new substances

53
Q

What is there always in a chemical reaction?

A

an energy change sometimes energy is released and other times it is absorbed

54
Q

What is always made during a chemical reaction?

A

a new substance/compound

55
Q

What are reactants?

A

these are the chemicals present at the start of the chemical reaction

56
Q

What are products?

A

these are the new chemicals which are produced in the reaction

57
Q

What do you never use in a word equation?

A

never: =
always use an: arrow

58
Q

What are changes that can occur in a chemical reaction?

A

-a colour change
-an energy change (sound, heat, light)
-a solid is formed (precipitate)

59
Q

What is oxygen essential for?

A

life and combustion

60
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

relight a glowing splint

61
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

burns with a pop

62
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

turns lime water cloudy

63
Q

How can you tell if the substance was soluble or not?

A

if it dissolves in water it is soluble it not it is insoluble

64
Q

What is a solute?

A

a solid which dissolves in a solvent to make a solution

65
Q

What is a solvent?

A

liquids that dissolves the solute

66
Q

What is meant by the term Saturated Solution?

A

a saturated solution is one which can dissolve no more solute into the solvent

67
Q

What is the calculation of mass of sal contained in 1 litre of seawater?

A

mass of salt in 20cm3 x 50 = mass of salt in 1 litre of sea water

68
Q

A substance can only be separated from water by filtration if it is what?

A

insoluble

69
Q

What is meant by the term mixture in a chemical sense?

A

it can be easily separated and the substances in the mixture are not chemically bonded

70
Q

What can a substance which has dissolved in water be separated by?

A

evaporation

71
Q

What is the function of the condenser?

A

to condense the vapours back into a liquid

72
Q

What is distillation the method of?

A

separating 2 or more liquids with different boiling points

73
Q

What are the changes of states in the distillation process?

A

in the flask: liquid to gas = evaporation
in the condenser: gas to liquid = condensation

74
Q

What are all solutions in water either?

A

-acidic
-alkaline
-neutral

75
Q

What do indicators do depending on whether they are added to acid, alkaline or neutral solutions?

A

change colour

76
Q

Is there just one types o indicator?

A

no there are many different types

77
Q

How could you determine whether a solution was acid, alkali or neutral?

A

red/orange/yellow/pale green = acid
green = neutral
dark green/blue/purple = alkali

78
Q

What is the type of solution if the colour of the universal indicator is red?

A

strong acid

79
Q

What is the type of solution if the colour of the universal indicator is green?

A

neutral

80
Q

What is the type of solution if the colour of the universal indicator is turquoise?

A

weak alkali

81
Q

What is the type of solution if the colour of the universal indicator is yellow/pale green?

A

weak acid

82
Q

What is the type of solution if the colour of the universal indicator is purple?

A

strong alkali

83
Q

What does exothermic mean?

A

heat given off by the reaction

84
Q

Why do we use evaporation?

A

to separate a liquid from a solid

85
Q

Why do we use filtration?

A

to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

86
Q

Why do we use distillation?

A

to separate liquids based on their boiling points

Chemistry (1 decks)

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