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social (indonesia) > Chemistry rock and soil > Flashcards

Chemistry rock and soil Flashcards

1
Q

What is bigbang theory?

A

Bigbang theory is an extremely huge and hot explosion that made the earth

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2
Q

It cooled down and form the first element,what is the element?

A

H(hydrogen)& He(helium)

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3
Q

How does clouds form? Explain!

A

The atoms were drawn together by the force of gravity and then form huge gas called clouds

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3
Q

What is the 1st generation stars?

A

H&He stars

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4
Q

How does other elements form?

A

It happen when a stars has used up all its supply of hydrogen to make helium it makes other elements by nuclear fusion.

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5
Q

That elements include

A

Carbon,Nitrogen,Oxygen,Sodium,Magnesium,Aluminium,Silicon,Phosphorus,Sulfur,Chlorine,potassium,calcium,chromium,and iron

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6
Q

What does nuclear fussion process?

A

The process that inside each sphere and the force of gravity drew the atoms closer still until the temperature and pressure became so great.

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7
Q

How does nebula form?

A

The stars may then swell up and form a red giant star,then release gas and dust as a nebula around it,and shrink to form a white dwarf star

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8
Q

Supernova is formed from

A

Very large stars that do not release gas and dust

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9
Q

core divided into two parts

A

Inner core and outer core

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10
Q

The inner core is a ball of

A

iron and nickel

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11
Q

inner core ….. km in diameter

A

2740 km in diameter

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12
Q

The inner core are also radioactive present,like uranium,and they generate heat,which keep the core at about …… degree celcius

A

5000 degree

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13
Q

The outer core is ….. km thick

A

2000 km thick

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14
Q

That composed of more iron and nickel

A

outer core

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15
Q

The mantle is made of

A

rocky material

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16
Q

the mantle is …… km thick

A

2900 km thick

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17
Q

The mantle composed mainly of

A

element iron,silicon,oxygen,magnesium

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18
Q

compounds is

A

the atoms of these elements that are joined together to make substance

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19
Q

main composed in mantle

A

silicates (made from silicon and oxygen atoms)

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20
Q

The mantle is very hot,it is ….. degree celcius at a depth of ….. km below the Earth’s surface

A

1500 degree celcius at a depth of 2000 km below the earth’s surface

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21
Q

The mantle is very hot,it is ….. degree celcius at a depth of ….. km below the Earth’s surface

A

1500 degree celcius at a depth of 2000 km below the earth’s surface

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22
Q

The crust is made from

A

much cooler rocks than the mantle

23
Q

what is magma?

A

magma is molten rock that is made from some of the rocks in the lower crust and upper mantle

24
Q

extrusive igneous rock

A

rock that escapes from the earth surface through a volcano/lava that comes out to the surface through the volcano (basalt)

25
Q

intrusive igneous rock

A

The rocks that cools down inside the earth’s crust and will come out to the surface in solid form(granite)

26
Q

igneous rock also called

A

fire rocks because they form from magma

27
Q

sedimentary rocks

A

occurs under the sea by settling and made from minerals and living things(sandstone and mudstone)

28
Q

metamorphic rocks

A

is made up from sedimentary rocks When Sedimentary rocks are buried deep beneath the Earth’s surface, great pressure and tremendous heat change these rocks into new rocks containing different minerals. And metamorphic rocks can form magma/melting to magma. (slate)

29
Q

3 kinds sedimentary rocks

A

rocks from rocky fragments,rocks from parts of living things,rock from dried up seas

30
Q

metamorphose is

A

The rise in temperatures and pressure cause the rocks to change their form.

31
Q

What cause the rock to metamorphose

A

the rise in temperature and pressure

32
Q

What is minerals?

A

Minerals is a substance that has formed from one or more elements in the earth

33
Q

Minerals can be recognised by

A

colour,shape,lustre,hardness,the colour of the streak

34
Q

What is soil?

A

Soil is made from small particles or fragments of rocks

35
Q

Weathering is

A

Process in which rock breaks up to form fragments

36
Q

2 kinds of weathering

A

Physical weathering and chemical weathering

37
Q

Physical weathering

A

Changes in temperature,the effect of ice,abrasion,the effect of plants

38
Q

Changes in temperature

A

When a rocks heats up,the minerals in it expand.

39
Q

The effect of ice

A

The ice pushes on the sides of the pores and makes the rock crumble.

40
Q

Abrasion

A

When pebbles are carried in a fast flowing river

41
Q

The effect of plants

A

Particles of rock blown by the wind settle in cracks in rocks and form a soil in which plant roots can grow

42
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Rainwater,hot and wet weather conditions

43
Q

rainwater

A

is naturally slightly acid due to carbon dioxide from the air dissolving in it

44
Q

Hot and we weather conditions

A

speed up chemical reaction such as those that breaks down rocks

45
Q

humus

A

is a substance remains of plants and animals rot and humus also contain a lot nitrogen so that’s why the litter layer more fertile

46
Q

topsoil

A

is a mixture of humus and rocky fragments

46
Q

topsoil

A

is a mixture of humus and rocky fragments

47
Q

Subsoil

A

is paler than the topsoil because it contains much less humus

48
Q

Groups rocky fragments

A

small stones,sand,,silt,clay

49
Q

Properties of soil

A

Soil texture (gritty,silky,sticky),drainage(the abbility to hold water),the amount of air,the soil pH

50
Q

The percentages of air:

A

volume of air : volume of soil x 100

51
Q

Loam

A

40% sand 40% silt 20% clay

52
Q

urutan planet

A

sun,mercurius,venus,earth,mars,jupiter,saturnus,uranus

52
Q

urutan planet

A

sun,mercurius,venus,earth,maers,jupiter,saturnus,uranus

53
Q

milky way

A

produces billions of galaxies,vast island of stars,and our galaxy

54
Q

3rd generation stars

A

sun

social (indonesia) (2 decks)

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