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Earth Science > Chemistry Review > Flashcards

Chemistry Review Flashcards

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1
Q

positive charge, mass of 1 AMU, in nucleus, decides identity (element) of atom

A

proton

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2
Q

no charge, mass of 1 AMU, in nucleus

A

neutron

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3
Q

negative charge, no relevant mass, in electron cloud, decides how atoms bond with one another

A

electron

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4
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

A

matter

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5
Q

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing the substance’s composition.

A

physical properties

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6
Q

A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions.

A

chemical properties

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7
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, and are the primary constituents of matter.

A

element

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8
Q

Smallest unit (particle) of an element

A

atom

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9
Q

An atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons. Has virtually all of its mass.

A

atomic nucleus

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10
Q

The region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found.

A

electron cloud

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11
Q

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic number

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12
Q

A one or two letter abbreviation for an element.

A

atomic symbol

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13
Q

the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element

A

atomic mass

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14
Q

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

A

isotope

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15
Q

a charged atom; gains its charge by having a different number of protons and electrons

A

ion

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16
Q

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus; the mass of a specific atom

A

mass number

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17
Q

electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom

A

valence electrons

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18
Q

Hydrogen has ___ valence electrons.

A

one

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19
Q

Nitrogen has ___ valence electrons

A

five

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20
Q

Chlorine has ___ valence electrons.

A

seven

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21
Q

Calcium has ___ valence electrons.

A

two

22
Q

Xenon has ___ valence electrons.

A

eight

23
Q

Gallium has ___ valence electrons.

A

three

24
Q

two or more atoms joined together chemically

A

molecule

25
Q

molecule formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements

A

compound

26
Q

Symbols that show the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms

A

chemical formula

27
Q

different orbits that electrons can take around the nucleus

A

electron shells (energy levels)

28
Q

electrons move in fixed in circular orbits around nucleus of an atoms

A

Bohr’s model

29
Q

Diagram of an atom, ion or molecule in which each dot represents a valence electron

A

Lewis Dot Diagram

30
Q

refers to an outer main energy level occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons

A

noble gas configuration

31
Q

in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas, 8 valence electrons

A

octet rule

32
Q

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

A

ionic bond (definition)

33
Q

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

A

covalent bond (definition)

34
Q

metal + nonmetal

A

ionic bond (atom types)

35
Q

nonmetal + nonmetal

A

covalent bond (atom types)

36
Q

A starting material in a chemical reaction

A

reactants

37
Q

Ending materials in a chemical reaction.

A

products

38
Q

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

A

mixture

39
Q

A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture

A

heterogeneous mixture

40
Q

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

A

homogeneous mixture

41
Q

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

A

solution

42
Q

in atomic notation, the lower-left number

A

atomic number, number of protons

43
Q

in atomic notation, the upper-left number

A

mass number, protons + neutrons

44
Q

in atomic notation, the upper-right number

A

charge, protons - electrons

45
Q

MgO would have:

A

ionic bonds

46
Q

NO would have:

A

covalent bonds

47
Q

Atomic notation, # of protons

A

The atomic number, bottom left

48
Q

Atomic notation, # of neutrons

A

The mass number, top left, minus the number of protons

49
Q

Atomic notation, # of electrons

A

The number of protons minus the charge

50
Q

a material with only one element of atom present, such as pure copper (Cu)

A

pure substance, element

51
Q

a material with only one kind of compound present, like pure salt (NaCl)

A

pure substance, compound

Earth Science (2 decks)

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