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MORS 200- Chemistry > Chemistry Powerpoint > Flashcards

Chemistry Powerpoint Flashcards

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1
Q

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents; Not injected chemically. ex- surface pack.

A

Accessory Chemical

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2
Q

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment and the embalming fluid to be used; Comes pre-mixed in bottle.

A

Modifying Agents

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3
Q

Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection; Generally fall into one of three categories: pre-injection, co-injection, and humectants or restorative fluids; Separate bottles.

A

Supplemental Fluid

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4
Q

A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a/an water (aqueous) solution.

A

ACID (ARRHENIUS)

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5
Q

A substance that donates a proton.

A

ACID (BRONSTED-LOWRY)

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6
Q

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons.

A

ACID (LEWIS)

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7
Q

Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells.

A

Active Dyes/Staining Dyes/Cosmetic Dyes

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8
Q

Natural or synthetic that is used to impart a color to another material.

A

Dye

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9
Q

Are used to distinguish the difference between various chemicals; normally blue; found in cavity fluid.

A

Passive Dyes

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10
Q

A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil.

A

ADIPOCERE (GRAVEWAX)

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11
Q

The reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap).

A

SAPONIFICATION

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12
Q

Intravascular: the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels (Congealing); General

A

Agglutination

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13
Q

The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde (Congealing); Specific

A

COAGULATION

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14
Q

A protein found throughout the body and is highly susceptible to decomposition (Soluble)

A

Albumin

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15
Q

Proteins that have been Cross-Linked by preservatives to become highly unsusceptible to decomposition (Insoluble).

A

Albuminoids

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16
Q

A saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon that has no carbon - carbon multiple bonds; formerly called the paraffin series.

A

ALKANE aka Saturated Hydrocarbons.

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17
Q

A hydrocarbon containing a double bond.

A

ALKENE

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18
Q

A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond.

A

ALKYNE

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19
Q

Is less dangerous than beta radiation and Gamma Radiation.

A

Alpha Radiation

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20
Q

Is more dangerous than alpha radiation but less dangerous than gamma rays.

A

Beta Radiation

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21
Q

Is more dangerous than Beta Radiation or Alpha Radiation; a type of electromagnetic radiation

A

Gamma Rays

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22
Q

A building up process.

A

Anabolism

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23
Q

Breaking down process.

A

Catabolism

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24
Q

The study of all the enzymatically controlled reactions in a living cell.

A

Metabolism

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25
Q

Body temperature rises after death and peaks.

A

Postmortem Caloricity

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26
Q

Body temperature drops and cools to 98.5 degrees

A

Algor Mortis

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27
Q

What is the body’s temperature at life?

A

98.6 degrees

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28
Q

Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals (Can be pre-injection and or co-injection).

A

Anticoagulant Fluid

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29
Q

injected with the arterial fluid

A

Co-injections

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30
Q

What is the difference between pre-injection and co-injection?

A

The difference is WHEN you use the chemical.

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31
Q

The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.

A

ATOM

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32
Q

The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance.

A

MOLECULE

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33
Q

The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties.

A

PERIODIC TABLE

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34
Q

Is the number of protons and neutrons added together.

A

Atomic Mass

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35
Q

The total positive charge on a nucleus is determined by the number of protons; gives the atom its identity.

A

Atomic Number

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36
Q

A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

A

BASE (ARRHENIUS)

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37
Q

A substance that accepts a proton. An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.

A

BASE (BRONSTED-LOWRY)

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38
Q

A substance that donates a pair of electrons.

A

BASE (LEWIS)

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39
Q

A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass.

A

COMPOUND

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40
Q

A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and in no definite proportion by mass.

A

MIXTURE

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41
Q

A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.

A

SOLUTION

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42
Q

Occurs when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution which will cause it to shrink.

A

Crenation

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43
Q

Occurs when a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution which causes the cell to burst; Fluid goes from lesser to greater concentration.

A

Hemolysis

44
Q

1/100th

A

Centi

45
Q

1/100th of a Meter

A

Centimeter

46
Q

1/10th

A

Deci

47
Q

1/10th of a Meter

A

Decimeter

48
Q

1/1000th

A

Milli

49
Q

1/1000th of a meter

A

Millimeter

50
Q

Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of Microbial and/or autolytic enzymes.

A

Decomposition

51
Q

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria.

A

Decay

52
Q

Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.

A

Putrefaction

53
Q

True or False:

Rigor mortis is a physiochemical change.

A

True

54
Q

One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed; ex- Decomposition.

A

CHEMICAL CHANGE

55
Q

A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition.

A

PHYSICAL CHANGE

56
Q

A red dye derived from the action of bromine on fluorescein. It is very commonly used in arterial fluids; active dye

A

EOSIN

57
Q

A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation.

A

FLUORESCEIN

58
Q

Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one.

A

Deodorants/Masking Agents/Perfuming Agents

59
Q

True/False:

Deodorants were historically called Reodorants.

A

True

60
Q

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.

A

DIFFUSION

61
Q

Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extra vascular location; movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids.

A

Diffusion Arterial Solution

62
Q

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of Injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries.

A

Distribution (Fluid)

63
Q

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.

A

Disinfectant

64
Q

The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body; The Process.

A

Disinfection

65
Q

The act of mixing two insoluble liquids.

A

EMULSIFICATION

66
Q

A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets.

A

EMULSION

67
Q

Commercial formalin is a mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water which consists of 37% by weight, 40% by volume and contains 7% methyl alcohol; Index= 40.

A

Formalin

68
Q

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of solid to gram of liquid state at the melting point.

A

Heat of Fusion

69
Q

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous state at the boiling point.

A

Heat of Vaporization

70
Q

Means water loving.

A

Hydrophilic

71
Q

Means water fearing

A

Hydrophobic

72
Q

Absorbing moisture readily

A

Hygroscopic

73
Q

The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of solution; refers to a percentage. For example, an embalming fluid with an index of 25 usually contains 25% formaldehyde gas.

A

INDEX

74
Q

How many ounces of HCH are there in a 20 ounce bottle of Formalin?

16 ounces of 25 index

A

16 x 25 = 400

4.00 ounces of HCHO Gas

(Multiply ounces and index and then move the decimal point 2 places to the left)

75
Q

All embalming fluids will contain some methanol since it is so closely associated with the manufacture of formalin. Some fluids contain extra methanol because it stabilizes formalin and because it is both a solvent and a germicide.

A

METHANOL/ Methyl Alcohol/Wood Alcohol

76
Q

A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid. It is noted for its ability to dehydrate tissue; ex- grain alcohol

A

Ethyl Alcohol/ETHANOL

77
Q

OL

A

When a word ends in “-ol” it means it is an alcohol for example methanol is an alcohol.

78
Q

A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton. It is normally found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

NEUTRON

79
Q

A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative mass number of 1 and an electrical charge of +1.

A

PROTON

80
Q

A subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton; found outside the nucleus of an atom.

A

ELECTRON

81
Q

A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution.

A

PRECIPITATE

82
Q

The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer; the process; breaks down and produces white crystals.

A

POLYMERIZATION

83
Q

Is a polymer of formaldehyde and exists as a solid. It is almost pure formaldehyde. It is insoluble, so it cannot be used in embalming fluids. It is most commonly used in the powdered preservative compositions such as hardening compounds and embalming powder.

A

PARAFORMALDEHYDE

84
Q

True/False:

Polymerization = Precipitation

A

True

85
Q

The measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. 0 – 6.9 are acid, 7 is neutral and 7.1 – 14 are basic (base) or alkaline. The lower the number the more acidic and the higher the number the more base or alkaline.

A

pH

86
Q

A period immediately following death and before rigor mortis occurs, where the muscles of the body are limp and flaccid; pH of 7.4 to 7.0

A

Primary Stage of Flaccidity

87
Q

7.0 to 6.0 and 6.0 to 7.0

A

Stage of Rigor

88
Q

A condition, which occurs after rigor mortis has left the body where the muscles of the body return to a state of limpness and flaccidity; pH of 7.0 to 7.4

A

Secondary Stage of Flaccidity

89
Q

8.0

A

Bacteria thrive!

90
Q

Is an aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant. It penetrates tissues very well and bleaches tissue where required such as surface discoloration; is a derivative of coal tars.

A

PHENOL aka Carbolic Acid

91
Q

Phenol is the standard used to evaluate the efficiency of other germicides. A PC of 3 means that the germicide has 3 times the killing power of phenol.

A

Phenol Coefficient/PC

92
Q

A techniques invented by Dr. Günter vin Hagens used to preserve bodies for anatomical studies. The embalmed body is placed into a solvent bath containing acetone and reactive polymers. A vacuum removes the water, fatty tissues and acetone.

A

Plastination

93
Q

A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount; ex- Arterial Fluid

A

SOLUTE

94
Q

A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.

A

SOLUTION

95
Q

The process of dissolving.

A

Solvation

96
Q

A substance which does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount; ex- water.

A

SOLVENT

97
Q

Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfects by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius; ex- Gluteraldehyde

A

Sterilizers

98
Q

Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms.

A

Sterilization

99
Q

Are written below and to the right of the number and represent the definite proportion by mass.

A

Subscripts

100
Q

Are written above and to the right of the number and represent the oxidation number.

A

Superscripts

101
Q

Is the dissolving of a substance in alcohol.

A

Tincture

102
Q

-AL

A

Aldehyde (Methanal)

103
Q

-OL

A

Alcohol (Methanol)

104
Q

A gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid.

A

VAPOR

105
Q

The physical change from a liquid into a gas.

A

VAPORIZATION

MORS 200- Chemistry (2 decks)

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