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PERIO > Chemistry Perio > Flashcards

Chemistry Perio Flashcards

1
Q

Single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, they are also known as saturated hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes

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2
Q

2 Sources of Alkanes

A
  1. By adding hydrogen to unsaturated organic molecules
  2. Extracted from crude oil and natural gas
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3
Q

3 Uses of Alkanes

A
  1. PRIMARILY for fuels (methane, propane, octane)
  2. Lubricants (machine oil)
  3. Road surfaces (bitumen)
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4
Q

A class of hydrocarbons that have a ring like structure

A

Cycloalkanes

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5
Q

Considered to be one of the smallest cycloalkanes and are more stable in nature

A

Cyclopropane

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6
Q

8 Uses of Cycloalkanes

A
  1. As organic solvent in the production of drugs
  2. Manufacturing of hair products and in food industries
  3. Cyclopropane is used as an anesthetic agent
  4. Carboplatin (derived from cyclobutane) is used to treat cancers
  5. Used in petroleum Industries
  6. Used for pigmentation purposes
  7. As fragrances in perfume manufacturing
  8. Found in the tissues of plants and animals as steroids
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7
Q

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures

A

Structural Isomers

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8
Q

(T/F) Structural Isomers have same properties

A

FALSE

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9
Q

A systematic way of naming compounds

A

Nomenclature

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10
Q

What is the meaning of IUPAC

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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11
Q

Also called as Olefin, it contains c to c double bonds and are more reactive than alkanes

A

Alkenes

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12
Q

The simplest alkene obtained from refining petroleum

A

Ethylene

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13
Q

It is a gas with a sweet odor

A

Ethylene

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14
Q

An important material for the chemical industry. When these molecules are linked together, it produces polyethylene (soda bottles and milk jugs)

A

Ethylene

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15
Q

(T/F) Cis isomers lie on opposite sides of the double bond

A

FALSE

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16
Q

Contains c to c triple bonds, they are also called unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Alkynes

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17
Q

The simplest alkyne, it is a linear molecule

A

Acetylene (ethyne)

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18
Q

A reactive gas used to produce a variety of other compounds

A

Acetylene

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19
Q

It is produced commercially for methane

A

Acetylene

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20
Q

Burns with oxygen in oxyacetylene torches to give a very hot flame (3000 C)

A

Acetylene

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21
Q

It is derived from the chemical degradation of fats and oils

A

Aliphatic

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22
Q

Contains substances from the result of the chemical degradation of certain plant extracts. Sometimes referred to as arenes. It also contains benzene rings or derivatives of benzene

A

Aromatic

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23
Q

Six membered rings of carbon atoms with alternating c to c double and single bonds

A

Benzene rings

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24
Q

(T/F) Benzene rings are a transparent volatile liquid discovered by Michael Faraday in 1830

A

FALSE

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25
Q

A derivative of benzene that was the first commercial antiseptic

A

Phenol

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26
Q

It replaced benzene as a solvent because it is much less toxic

A

Toluene

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27
Q

These are two or more benzene rings that are fused together

A

Condensed Ring Structures

28
Q

Refers to the study of the structure, properties, compositions, reactions and preparation of carbon containing compounds.

A

Organic Chemistry

29
Q

(T/F) Organic Chemistry was first limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has since been broadened to include human made substances

A

TRUE

30
Q

Give the 6 applications of organic chemistry

A
  1. Pharmaceuticals
  2. Petrochemicals
  3. Food
  4. Explosives
  5. Paints
  6. Cosmetics
31
Q

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

A

Functional Groups

32
Q

(T/F) Functional Groups determines the characteristics and chemical reactivity of molecules

A

TRUE

33
Q

Also known as hydroxyl functional group

A

ALCOHOL

34
Q

An oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom

A

ALCOHOL

35
Q

(T/F) Alcohols have boiling points higher than alkanes of comparable molar mass

A

TRUE

36
Q

It is formed as a byproduct of charcoal that is made by heating wood in the absence of air.

A

Methanol

37
Q

4 Uses of Methanol

A

Used in jet fuels and as a solvent, gasoline additive and starting material for industrial synthesis.

38
Q

Produced annually in the US from synthesis gas (mixture of CO and H)

A

Methanol

39
Q

The most common alcohol made by fermenting sugar or grain

A

Ethanol

40
Q

made by the reaction of ethylene with water, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst

A

Industrial Ethanol

41
Q

An oxygen atom forming a bridge between two different part of a molecule

A

ETHER

42
Q

A carbon double bonded to oxygen and bonded to hydrogen.

A

ALDEHYDE

43
Q

Aldehydes with pleasant odors/aromas. Found in almonds (Benzaldehyde), vanilla (vanillin), beans and cinnamon (cinnamaldehyde)

A

Aromatic Aldehydes

44
Q

A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom, a bridge between two other parts of a molecule

A

KETONES

45
Q

The simplest ketone

A

acetone (propanone)

46
Q

An ester where R is a hydrogen atom

A

CARBOXYLIC ACID

47
Q

the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid.

A

Benzoic Acid

48
Q

A product of the neutralization of a carboxylic acid with a strong base.

A

Carboxylic Acid Salts

49
Q

What is Sodium Propionate used in

A

cheese and breads

50
Q

What is Sodium Benzoate used in

A

inhibits the growth of mold and bacteria and is added to fruit juices, margarine, relishes, salads and jams

51
Q

What is Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) used in

A

added to meats, fish, vegetables and baked goods to enhance flavor.

52
Q

Are ionic compounds with strong attractive forces between ions

A

Carboxylic Acid Salts

53
Q

A bridge group consisting of a carbonyl connected to an ether. They are found in fats and oil

A

ESTER

54
Q

They are responsible for the fragrance and flavors of many fruits and flowers (e.g. bananas, oranges and strawberries)

A

ESTER

55
Q

The reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an ester.

A

Esterification

56
Q

Derivative of ammonia where one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced.

A

AMINE

57
Q

(T/F) Amides are basic

A

FALSE

58
Q

What are the classifications of Amines

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

59
Q

Why do primary and secondary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines?

A

tertiary amines cannot form hydrogen bonds

60
Q

Fourth most common atom in living systems

A

Nitrogen

61
Q

Important component of the structure of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA and the function of proteins

A

Nitrogen

62
Q

Formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid and amine

A

AMIDES

63
Q

Why do amides have high boiling points?

A

because of the hydrogen bonding between the N-H bond and the C=O group

64
Q

What is thiol also known as?

A

sulfhydryl functional group

65
Q

Similar to the hydroxyl group except the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom.

A

THIOL

66
Q

A common ring group, it is a benzene ring where one hydrogen is replaced by R

A

PHENYL

67
Q

What is the abbreviation used in structures and formulas to denote Phenol?

A

Ph

PERIO (1 decks)

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