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Cnm Naturopatgic Nutrition Year1 > Chemistry Part 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define chemistry

A

Study of matter

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2
Q

Define matter

A

Anything that has a mass / takes up space made up of chemical elements

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3
Q

Define Element

A

Substance made up of just one type of atom

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4
Q

How many elements in human body

A

26 elements in what

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5
Q

What are the 4 major elements in human body

A

Carbon Hydrogen. Oxygen. Nitrogen

Main elements of what

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of an atom

A

Neutron proton. And electrons all make up what?

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7
Q

What is a protons charge and mass

A

What has a +ve charge and a mass of 1

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8
Q

Neutrons have what charge and mass

A

What has no charge and a mass of 1

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9
Q

What is an electrons charge and mass

A

What has a -ve charge and no mass

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10
Q

What is a stable element and what charge does it have

A

What has equal number of protons and electrons and has a neutral charge

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11
Q

Smallest number on an element

A

Atomic number

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12
Q

Atomic number shows

A

Number of protons and electrons with a neutral charge

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13
Q

Biggest number in an element

A

Mass number

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14
Q

How many electrons on ring 1 2 and 3 on an electron shell

A

Ring 1 =2. Ring 2 = 8. Ring 3 = 8 on what

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Atom of same element has different number of neurones, does not change atomic number but does change mass. Known as natural abundance refers to the prevalence of ____________

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16
Q

Structure of a hydrogen atom

A

1 proton and 1 electron

Needs to fill its shell and is called inert

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17
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom that gives up or gains electrons to have a stable outer shell

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18
Q

Ionisation

A

The process of giving or gaining electrons

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19
Q

Oxidation

A

O is loss removal of an electron decrease in potential energy

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20
Q

Reduction

A

R Is gain. Gain electron increase energy

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21
Q

Redox reaction

A

What oxidation and reduction happen together

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22
Q

Free radicals

A

Molecules/compounds that have an unpaired electron that causes oxidation

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23
Q

What is Oxidative damage

A

Chain reaction of electrons being stolen from a free radical to stabilise themselves

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24
Q

What processes cause oxidative damage

A

Normal body processes i.e. Respiration metabolism inflammation
Environmental- pollution sunlight strenuous exercise x-rays smoking and alcohol

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25
Q

Antioxidants

A

Group of vitamins and minerals with phytochemicals and enzymes (phytonutrients)

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26
Q

What is a molecule

A

Discrete group of atoms bonded together

27
Q

Compound

A

Electrically neutral substance with 2 or more elements

28
Q

What is Bonding

A

Ions that are trying to be stable bond with another ion

29
Q

What is Ionic bonding

A

1 element donates electrons to another

30
Q

What is Covalent bonding

A

2 elements Share electrons

31
Q

What is polor bonding

A

1 element has more pull in a bond

32
Q

Electronegativity

A

Pull electrons towards them = uneven charge leaving 1 part molecule slightly +vet and the other -ve

33
Q

What is hydrogen bonding

A

The attraction between hydrogen +ve and -ve charged atoms

When it bonds to a more electronegative atom and becomes more -ve and attract a +ve one

34
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Molecules have polor bonds that devolve easily in water (ie alcohol

35
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Molecules contain non- polar covalent bonds so do not dissociate easily in water (i.e. Fats)

36
Q

Electrolytes

A

Something that produces energy. Ionic compound that dissolves in a solution

37
Q

Acid

A

Substances that releases high H+ ions when desolated in water

38
Q

Bases

A

Substance binds hydrogen ions in solution = lots of OH-

39
Q

Water ph

A

7

40
Q

Acidic ph

A

7 and below

41
Q

Alkaline number

A

7 and above

42
Q

Meaning of PH

A

Potential of hydrogen

43
Q

Buffer systems

A

Substances maintain the H+ concentration in normal limits

44
Q

Name the types of energy

A

Potential, kinetic, chemical energy and Change of state into heat

45
Q

What is potential energy

A

Stored

46
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

Movement

47
Q

What is chemical energy

A

Stored energy between bonds of different atoms

48
Q

What are the 4 states of matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas and plasma

49
Q

What is a chemical reaction

A

Occurs when new bonds are formed and old bonds are broken between different molecules

50
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Takes in heat from environment to use as energy ( rarer)

51
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Gives out/ releases heat into environment

52
Q

Endo

A

Internal / within

53
Q

Exo

A

From outside

54
Q

What’s the min tam called for partials to react

A

Energy of activation or activation energy

55
Q

What are catalysts

A

Enzymes

56
Q

How do catalysts work

A

Speed up reaction by lowering the activation energy needed.

Faster reaction at lower temperature

57
Q

What are inhibitors

A

Stop catalysts being so effective ( sit in enzyme activation sites)
Increase activation energy and slow reaction time down.

58
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Joining together synthesis reaction generally endothermic

59
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

Break down reaction generally exothermic

60
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical reaction

A

Anabolic and catabolic

61
Q

What is metabolism

A

Anabolic and catabolic

62
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

When water is the medium that breaks down the molecules into smaller pieces

63
Q

What is condensation / dehydration synthesis reaction

A

When water is formed as the waste product of reaction

64
Q

Reversible reaction

A

A reaction can be reversed once broken can be cut back together and vis verser = equilibrium

Cnm Naturopatgic Nutrition Year1 (3 decks)

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