Chemistry Part 1

Question 1

Define chemistry

Answer 1

Study of matter

Question 2

Define matter

Answer 2

Anything that has a mass / takes up space made up of chemical elements

Question 3

Define Element

Answer 3

Substance made up of just one type of atom

Question 4

How many elements in human body

Answer 4

26 elements in what

Question 5

What are the 4 major elements in human body

Answer 5

Carbon Hydrogen. Oxygen. Nitrogen

Main elements of what

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of an atom

Answer 6

Neutron proton. And electrons all make up what?

Question 7

What is a protons charge and mass

Answer 7

What has a +ve charge and a mass of 1

Question 8

Neutrons have what charge and mass

Answer 8

What has no charge and a mass of 1

Question 9

What is an electrons charge and mass

Answer 9

What has a -ve charge and no mass

Question 10

What is a stable element and what charge does it have

Answer 10

What has equal number of protons and electrons and has a neutral charge

Question 11

Smallest number on an element

Answer 11

Atomic number

Question 12

Atomic number shows

Answer 12

Number of protons and electrons with a neutral charge

Question 13

Biggest number in an element

Answer 13

Mass number

Question 14

How many electrons on ring 1 2 and 3 on an electron shell

Answer 14

Ring 1 =2. Ring 2 = 8. Ring 3 = 8 on what

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Atom of same element has different number of neurones, does not change atomic number but does change mass. Known as natural abundance refers to the prevalence of ____________

Question 16

Structure of a hydrogen atom

Answer 16

1 proton and 1 electron

Needs to fill its shell and is called inert

Question 17

What is an ion

Answer 17

An atom that gives up or gains electrons to have a stable outer shell

Question 18

Ionisation

Answer 18

The process of giving or gaining electrons

Question 19

Oxidation

Answer 19

O is loss removal of an electron decrease in potential energy

Question 20

Reduction

Answer 20

R Is gain. Gain electron increase energy

Question 21

Redox reaction

Answer 21

What oxidation and reduction happen together

Question 22

Free radicals

Answer 22

Molecules/compounds that have an unpaired electron that causes oxidation

Question 23

What is Oxidative damage

Answer 23

Chain reaction of electrons being stolen from a free radical to stabilise themselves

Question 24

What processes cause oxidative damage

Answer 24

Normal body processes i.e. Respiration metabolism inflammation
Environmental- pollution sunlight strenuous exercise x-rays smoking and alcohol

Question 25

Antioxidants

Answer 25

Group of vitamins and minerals with phytochemicals and enzymes (phytonutrients)

Question 26

What is a molecule

Answer 26

Discrete group of atoms bonded together

Question 27

Compound

Answer 27

Electrically neutral substance with 2 or more elements

Question 28

What is Bonding

Answer 28

Ions that are trying to be stable bond with another ion

Question 29

What is Ionic bonding

Answer 29

1 element donates electrons to another

Question 30

What is Covalent bonding

Answer 30

2 elements Share electrons

Question 31

What is polor bonding

Answer 31

1 element has more pull in a bond

Question 32

Electronegativity

Answer 32

Pull electrons towards them = uneven charge leaving 1 part molecule slightly +vet and the other -ve

Question 33

What is hydrogen bonding

Answer 33

The attraction between hydrogen +ve and -ve charged atoms When it bonds to a more electronegative atom and becomes more -ve and attract a +ve one

Question 34

Hydrophilic

Answer 34

Molecules have polor bonds that devolve easily in water (ie alcohol

Question 35

Hydrophobic

Answer 35

Molecules contain non- polar covalent bonds so do not dissociate easily in water (i.e. Fats)

Question 36

Electrolytes

Answer 36

Something that produces energy. Ionic compound that dissolves in a solution

Question 37

Acid

Answer 37

Substances that releases high H+ ions when desolated in water

Question 38

Bases

Answer 38

Substance binds hydrogen ions in solution = lots of OH-

Question 39

Water ph

Answer 39

7

Question 40

Acidic ph

Answer 40

7 and below

Question 41

Alkaline number

Answer 41

7 and above

Question 42

Meaning of PH

Answer 42

Potential of hydrogen

Question 43

Buffer systems

Answer 43

Substances maintain the H+ concentration in normal limits

Question 44

Name the types of energy

Answer 44

Potential, kinetic, chemical energy and Change of state into heat

Question 45

What is potential energy

Answer 45

Stored

Question 46

What is kinetic energy

Answer 46

Movement

Question 47

What is chemical energy

Answer 47

Stored energy between bonds of different atoms

Question 48

What are the 4 states of matter

Answer 48

Solid, liquid, gas and plasma

Question 49

What is a chemical reaction

Answer 49

Occurs when new bonds are formed and old bonds are broken between different molecules

Question 50

Endothermic reaction

Answer 50

Takes in heat from environment to use as energy ( rarer)

Question 51

Endothermic reaction

Answer 51

Gives out/ releases heat into environment

Question 52

Endo

Answer 52

Internal / within

Question 53

Exo

Answer 53

From outside

Question 54

What's the min tam called for partials to react

Answer 54

Energy of activation or activation energy

Question 55

What are catalysts

Answer 55

Enzymes

Question 56

How do catalysts work

Answer 56

Speed up reaction by lowering the activation energy needed. | Faster reaction at lower temperature

Question 57

What are inhibitors

Answer 57

Stop catalysts being so effective ( sit in enzyme activation sites) Increase activation energy and slow reaction time down.

Question 58

Anabolic reaction

Answer 58

Joining together synthesis reaction generally endothermic

Question 59

Catabolic reaction

Answer 59

Break down reaction generally exothermic

Question 60

What are the 2 types of chemical reaction

Answer 60

Anabolic and catabolic

Question 61

What is metabolism

Answer 61

Anabolic and catabolic

Question 62

What is hydrolysis

Answer 62

When water is the medium that breaks down the molecules into smaller pieces

Question 63

What is condensation / dehydration synthesis reaction

Answer 63

When water is formed as the waste product of reaction

Question 64

Reversible reaction

Answer 64

A reaction can be reversed once broken can be cut back together and vis verser = equilibrium