Chemistry parcial II

Question 1

Acid dehydration of alcohol

Answer 1

Reactant: Alcohol

Catalyst: H2SO4 & 180º

Product: Alkene + H2O

Question 2

Etherification of Alcohol

Answer 2

Reactant: 2 identical alcohols

Catalyst: H2SO4 & 140º

Product: Ether + H2O

Question 3

Oxidation of Alcohol (primary)

Answer 3

Reactant: Primary alcohol + (O)

Catalyst: OX. & -2H

Product: Aldehyde + H2O

Question 4

Oxidation of Alcohol (secondary)

Answer 4

Reactant: Secondary alcohol + (O)

Catalyst: OX. & -2H

Product: Ketone + H2O

Question 5

Oxidation of Alcohol (tertiary)

Answer 5

Reactant: Tertiary alcohol + (O)

Catalyst: OX. & -2H

Product: NO REACTION

Question 6

Aldehyde Oxidation

Answer 6

Reactant: Aldehyde

Catalyst: OX./+O

Product: Carboxylic Acid

Question 7

Aldehyde Hydrogenation

Answer 7

Reactant: Aldehyde + H2

Catalyst: Pt

Product: Primary Alcohol

Question 8

Ketone Oxidation

Answer 8

NO REACTION

Question 9

Ketone Hydrogenation

Answer 9

Reactant: Ketone + H2

Catalyst: Pt

Product: Secondary Alcohol

Question 10

Carboxylic Acid Reduction

Answer 10

Reactant: Carboxylic Acid

Catalyst: Red. & -O

Product: Aldehyde

Question 11

Carboxylic Acid Amidation

Answer 11

Reactant: Carboxylic Acid + Amine

Catalyst: Heat

Product: amide + H2O

Question 12

Carboxylic acid Esterification

Answer 12

Reactant: Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol

Catalyst: H+, Heat

Product: Ester + H2O

Question 13

Ester Hydrolisis

Answer 13

Reactant: Ester + H2O

Catalyst: H+, heat

Product: Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol

Question 14

Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 14

Store Energy
Protect
Supply Carbon
Structural Elements

Question 15

Basic unit of carbohydrates

Answer 15

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Question 16

2 monosaccharides bonded

Answer 16

Disaccharides

Question 17

Many saccharides bonded

Answer 17

Polysaccharides

Question 18

Properties of saccharides

Answer 18

Are Aldehydes or Ketones with OH

Extremely Soluble

Sweet

Solid

Question 19

3 Most important monosaccharides

Answer 19

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 20

Maltose

Answer 20

Glucose + Glucose

Question 21

Lactose

Answer 21

Glucose + Galactose

Question 22

Surcose

Answer 22

Glucose + Fructose

Question 23

Name of bonding between saccharides

Answer 23

Glycosidic linkage

Question 24

Starch

Answer 24

Amylose and amylopectin
Found in potatoes
Store glucose

Question 25

Glycogen

Answer 25

Densely branched glucose units | Store glucose in animals

Question 26

Cellulose

Answer 26

10,000 glucose units Indigestible Structural functions in plants

Question 27

Functions of lipids

Answer 27

Store energy Protective wax coating Insulate Structural Components

Question 28

Fatty acid definition

Answer 28

Building blocks of saponifiable lipids Carboxylic acid chains with 2 parts Permit transport of lipids through blood and to cells

Question 29

Types of fatty acid

Answer 29

Saturated: only single bonds, solid, unhealthy Monosaturated: Only one double bond, liquid, healthy Polyunsaturated: Several double bonds, liquid, healthy af

Question 30

Triglyceride

Answer 30

``` Saponifiable lipids store energy provide insulation found in oil triple esters of glycerol ```

Question 31

Wax

Answer 31

Saponifiable complex Protective coating Esters of alcohol and one fatty acid

Question 32

Phospholyceride

Answer 32

Saponifiable complex Protect cells Esters of alcohols, 2 fatty acids, phosphate aminoacid

Question 33

Steroid

Answer 33

Non saponiifable 4 rings Bile Cholesterol in cell membranes

Question 34

2 Types of triglycerides

Answer 34

Fats: Made of saturated fatty acids Oils: Made of unsatured fatty acids

Question 35

Saponification

Answer 35

A reaction of salts in fatty acids which produces soap

Question 36

Functions of proteins

Answer 36

``` Catalytic Structural Storage Protection Regulation Transport Movement Nerve transmission ```

Question 37

Chemical bond between 2 aminoacids

Answer 37

Peptide bond | More than 50 aminoacids form a protein

Question 38

Primary protein structure

Answer 38

Linear sequence of aminoacids in a protein chain held by peptide bonds

Question 39

Secondary protein structure

Answer 39

Arrangement of a protein chain in one of 2 patterns (alpha helix or beta pleated) held in place between hydrogen bonds

Question 40

Tertiary protein structure

Answer 40

Tridimensional shape of a protein caused by cross links between chains

Question 41

Quaternary protein structure

Answer 41

Arrangement of polypeptide sub units to form a larger protein