chemistry paper 1 foundation

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

contains only one type of atom

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

two or more elements chemically bonded

Question 3

mixture

Answer 3

contains two or more elements or compaunds not chemically bonded

Question 4

crystallisation

Answer 4

process that seperates dissolved solids from liquids by evaporating the liquid to leave crystals

Question 5

distillation

Answer 5

process that seperateds a mixture of liquids based on their boiling points

Question 6

chromatography

Answer 6

process that seperates mixtures by how quickly they move through a stationary phase

Question 7

isotope

Answer 7

an atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 8

relative atomic mass

Answer 8

average value of mass

Question 9

group

Answer 9

elements in the same vertical column

Question 10

period

Answer 10

elements on the same horizontal row

Question 11

metal

Answer 11

elements that react to form posotive ions

Question 12

non-metal

Answer 12

elements that react to form negative ions

Question 13

Mendeleev

Answer 13

make a relatively accurate periodic table by leaving gaps for undiscovered elements and re-arranging some elements

Question 14

group 0 (noble gases)

Answer 14

-unreactive
-boiling point increases going down the group
-have full outer shells

Question 15

group 1 (alkali metals)

Answer 15

-reactive,low density,soft,low melting points
-reactivity increases going down the group

Question 16

group 7 (halogens)

Answer 16

-non-metals
-reactivity decreases going down the group
-boiling point and melting point increase going down the group
-more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen

Question 17

ion

Answer 17

atom that is charged because of gain or loss of electrons

Question 18

ionic bond

Answer 18

bond between two oppositely charged ions

Question 19

electrostatic attraction

Answer 19

force that holds two oppositely charged ions together - strong force

Question 20

metals - ionic bonding

Answer 20

lose electrons to become positively charged ions

Question 21

non-metals - ionic bonding

Answer 21

gain electrons to become negatively charged

Question 22

giant lattice

Answer 22

large 3d structure that contains lots of bonds

Question 23

covalent bond

Answer 23

formed when non-metals share electrons

Question 24

molecule

Answer 24

small group of atomsheld with covalent bonds - not charged

Question 25

polymer

Answer 25

very large covalent compounds with many repeting units

Question 26

metallic bonding

Answer 26

electrons in the puter shell of metal ions delocalise and are free to move through the whole structure. sharing them gives rise to strong metallic bonding

Question 27

alloy

Answer 27

mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

Question 28

conducts electricity - graphite

Answer 28

only forms of 3 bonds so one electron is delocalised - free to move and carry charge through the structure

Question 29

soft and slippery - graphite

Answer 29

weak intermolecular forces exist between layers so layers can easily be rubbed off

Question 30

very hard - dimond

Answer 30

strong covalent bonds

Question 31

law of conservation of mass

Answer 31

no atoms are lost or gained durning a chemical reaction

Question 32

uncerainty

Answer 32

interval whithin which the true value can be expected to lie

Question 33

mole

Answer 33

mesurment for the amount of a chemical

Question 34

concentration

Answer 34

mesurment of the number of paricals of a chemical in volume - mesured in g/dm3

Question 35

decimetre (dm3)

Answer 35

mesurment of volume - contains 1000cm3

Question 36

metal oxide

Answer 36

metals recat with oxides to produce metal oxides - oxidation reaction

Question 37

displacement reaction

Answer 37

more reactive metal can displace the less reactive metal from a compound

Question 38

oxidation

Answer 38

-chemicals are oxidised if they gain oxygen in a reaction -chemicals are oxidised if they lose electrons in a reaction

Question 39

reduction

Answer 39

-chemicals are reduced if they lose oxygen in a reaction -chemicals are reduced if they gain electrons in a reaction

Question 40

acid

Answer 40

chemical that dissolves in water

Question 41

base

Answer 41

chemical that reacts with acids and netralises them

Question 42

alkali

Answer 42

base that dissolves in water

Question 43

strong acid

Answer 43

completely ionised in solution

Question 44

weak acid

Answer 44

only partially ionised in solution

Question 45

very unreactive metals

Answer 45

found naturally undeground - dont need exstracting

Question 46

metals less reactive that carbon

Answer 46

extracted by reduction with carbon

Question 47

metals more reactive than carbon

Answer 47

extracted by electrolysis

Question 48

electrolysis

Answer 48

the process of splitting an ionic compound by passing electricity through it

Question 49

electrolyte

Answer 49

ionic compound that is molten or discoverd in water

Question 50

electrode

Answer 50

electrical conductor that is placed in the electrolyte and conected to the power supply

Question 51

cathode

Answer 51

eloctrode attached to the negative terminal of the power supply

Question 52

anode

Answer 52

eloctrode attached to the posotive terminal of the power supply

Question 53

exothermic

Answer 53

trensfers energy to the surroundings - temp increases

Question 54

endothermic

Answer 54

takes in energy from the srroundings - temp deacreases

Question 55

activation energy

Answer 55

energy needed for particals to react

Question 56

breaking bonds

Answer 56

energy is needed to break bonds

Question 57

forming bonds

Answer 57

energy is released when bonds are formed