Chemistry Paper 1-Bonding,Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
Ionic bonding occurs when a metal bonds with what? (1)
A non-metal
During ionic bonding what happens to the metal atom? (2)
It looses electrons
Forms a positive ion
During ionic bonding what happens to the non-metal atom? (2)
It gains electrons
Forms a negative ion
What happens during ionic bonding? (1)
Electrons are transferred
What ion charge do group 1 elements form? (1)
1+
What ion charge do group 2 elements form? (1)
2+
What ion charge do group 6 elements form? (1)
2-
What ion charge do group 7 elements form? (1)
1-
What type of forces hold ionic compounds together? (2)
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What structure if formed during ionic bonding? (1)
Giant ionic lattice
List 3 properties of ionic compounds (3)
High melting point
High boiling point
Conduct electricity when molten
or in solution
What is a covalent Bond? (1)
Where two non-metals share outer shell electrons
Metals consist of _____ _____ of atoms arranged in a _______ pattern (2)
Giant Structures
Regular
How are the ions in metals held together? (1)
Sea of delocalised electrons
Are metallic bonds strong or weak? (1)
Strong
What are the 3 types of bonding? (3)
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
What is a polymer? (1)
A repeating chain of monomers
List 3 examples of covalently bonded substances? (3)
Graphite
Diamond
Silicone Dioxide
What arrangement is formed by metals? (1)
Layer upon layer in a regular pattern
List 3 properties of small covalent molecules (3)
Low melting point
Low boiling point
Cannot conduct electricity
Why are polymers solids at room temperature? (2)
High melting and boiling point
due to strong intermolecular forces
List 3 properties of giant covalent structures (3)
High boiling point
High melting point
Usually solids at room temperature
What is an alloy? (1)
A mixture of a metal with at least 1 other substance to achieve better properties
Why are alloys harder that pure metals? (2)
Layers become distorted
meaning cannot slide easily
Why can metals conduct electricity? (2)
Sea of delocalised electrons to carry the electrical charge through the structure
Why are metals good conductors of thermal energy? (2)
Sea of delocalised electrons to carry the thermal energy through the structure
What is graphene? (1)
A single, isolated layer of graphite
Where is graphene used? (2)
Electronic or composites
What is a fullerene? (1)
Molecules of carbon with a hollow shape
What is a carbon nanotube and where can they be used? (3)
A cylindrical fullerene
Electronics
Nanotechnology
How many covalent bonds does diamond form? (1)
4 strong covalent bonds
List 3 properties of diamond (3)
Very Hard
High melting point
Does not conduct electricity
What type of structure does diamond form? (1)
Tetrahedral Structure
What element makes up both diamond and graphite? (1)
Carbon
How many bonds does graphite form? (1)
3 Strong covalent bonds
Are there bonds between the layers of graphite? (1)
No, there are weak intermolecular forces
Why can graphite conduct electricity? (1)
Only forms 3 strong covalent bonds meaning there is a delocalised electron to carry the charge through the structure
How small is a nanoparticle? (1)
1-100 nanometer
What is 1nm equal to? (1)
1x10(-9)
Which is smaller a nanoparticle or a fine particle? (1)
A Nanoparticle
Nanoparticle show ____ properties to the same materials because ______ (2)
Different
They have a high surface area to volume ratio
Name 3 uses of nanoparticles (3)
Medicine
Electronics
Sun Creams
Why do some people believe nanoparticles are toxic? (1)
May be able to enter the brain through the blood stream and cause harm
