Chemistry Paper 1

Question 1

What are atoms

Answer 1

Atoms cannot be broken down chemically

Question 2

What can atoms turn into

Answer 2

Ions when an atoms loses or gains an electron

Question 3

What is a compound

Answer 3

2 or more atoms chemically combined together

Question 4

What is a mixture

Answer 4

2 or more atoms not chemically combined

Question 5

Which practical separates a mixtures properties

Answer 5

Chromatography in this practical you will filter paper with a dot of the mixture a cm above the water line the paper is dipped in the water the water is drawn up the paper due to capillary action drags particles of the mixture up the highest up are the lightest particles draw with a pencil where the water ends and a dot where the ink stops retention factor rf value solute the mixture distance divided by the solvent the water distance

Question 6

Which practice removes in soluble particles

Answer 6

Filtration for example removes sand from water filter paper in a funnel put the substance in and the water should drip thorough leaving insoluble particles behind

Question 7

Which practical removes solute from a solvent like salt from water

Answer 7

Distillation heat the mixture and then we recondense it using a condensing tube which has cold water running on the outisde then the water gets collected ina beaker leaving the salt behind

Question 8

What does the group number say about the elements

Answer 8

How many electrons they have

Question 9

What does the row number tell us

Answer 9

The period tells us how many outer shells it has

Question 10

Transition metals get

Answer 10

A higher melting point and get heavier further down

Question 11

Metals do what

Answer 11

Lose electrons so they are positive

Question 12

Non metals do what

Answer 12

Gain electron so they are negative

Question 13

Group 1 is called

Answer 13

Alkali metals whihc get more reactive as u go down because the outer electrons get further from the nucleus so less energy is required to remove that electron from the atom react with water to make an alkali solution

Question 14

Group 7 is called

Answer 14

The halogens get less reactive as the outer electron gets further from the nucleus it’s harder to gain a an electorn

Question 15

Group 8 or 0 is

Answer 15

These are noble gasses do not react because they have a full outer shell- very in reactive

Question 16

Atomic number is

Answer 16

The number of protons

Question 17

The atomic mass number is

Answer 17

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 18

Ionic bonding is

Answer 18

Between non metal and metal the metal becomes positive and non metals become negative mg = group 2 and is a metal mg+2 since it has to lose 2 cl- chlorine group 7 needs to gain 1 so it’s negative one charge

Question 19

The drawing of ionic bonding

Answer 19

The metal remains in brackets with no electrons drawn whilst the non metal is show with crosses it’s originals electrons either a dot as it’s gained and a +2 charge on the metal with a 2 next to the non metal or how many was needed for the metal to give

Question 20

Ionic bonding structure

Answer 20

Lattice structure high melting and boiling point can conduct electrify when molten because the electrons are free to move

Question 21

Covalent bonding is

Answer 21

Non metals bond with other non metals they do not share they share electrons and depending on how many electrons it needs depends on how many covalent bonds it forms

Question 22

Simple covalent bonds

Answer 22

Methane ch4 has 1 carbon and 4 hydrogens connected to it whihc connect all around it in a diagram draw them as bubbles and surround the one atom with the others on the inside drawing the electrons give and taken for and cross together should Match how many electron in total they have

Question 23

Giant covalent bonds

Answer 23

3d pyramid that repeats to form a giant molecule

Question 24

Allotropes of carbon

Answer 24

Diamond 3d pyramid that repeats graphites carbons are in heaxagonal has 3 carbons each bond has delocalised electrons which form weak layers so t can slide over eachother fullerene made up of 60 carbons forms a nanotube used as lubricant cause they can slide over eachother easily

Question 25

Metallic bonding

Answer 25

Atoms form a lattic metals and metals ions surrounded by delocalised electrons free to move this is why electrons can conduct electricity

Question 26

Polymers are

Answer 26

Long chain of monomers carbon based molecules methane ethane polytheren poly missy ion happens with high pressure to force together and a catalyst need unsatudrated bond double bonded catalyyyst reduce the activation energy needed

Question 27

Development of periodic table

Answer 27

John dalton ordered elements in order of atomic weight newlamds grouped elements that have similar properties Mendeleev put them in columns as rows

Question 28

Metal * oxygen

Answer 28

Metal oxide

Question 29

Metal + oxygen

Answer 29

Metal oxide oxidation

Question 30

Metal or metal oxide + water

Answer 30

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 31

Acid + metal hydroxide

Answer 31

Salt + water

Question 32

How to break things down I

Answer 32

Thermal decomposition heating something displacement more reactive metal will displace less reactive metal can also be used to extract metals

Question 33

Iron + oxygen iron oxide rust