Chemistry P1 - Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
What does aqueous mean (aq)
Dissolved in water
What are the three types of strong chemical bonds
Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds
Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called:
Ions
Ionic bonds occur between:
Positive and negative ions
Ions have a:
complete outer shell of electrons
Ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons from:
Metal atoms to non-metal atoms
The ionic bond is a strong ——- force of attraction between the positive metal ion and the negative non-metal ion
Electrostatic
Describe what happens when two atoms of sodium react with one molecule of chlorine
Sodium (Group1)
Chlorine (Group7) has 2 atoms in a molecule.
The two atoms of sodium each give one electron from their outer shells, completing the 7/8 outer shells of the chlorine.
All 4 atoms now have 8 electrons in their outer shells.
The atoms become ions, Na+ and Cl-, the compound formed is sodium chloride, NaCl
A covalent bond is a:
shared pair of electrons between atoms.
covalent bonds occur in:
Non metallic elements, eg oxygen
Compounds of non metals, eg sulfur dioxide
Small molecules have weak ——– forces of attraction
Intermolecular
Substances that consist of small molecules usually have low ————————–
Melting and boiling points
All the atoms in giant covalent structures are linked by ———————-
Strong covalent bonds
Why does Hydrogen chloride have a low boiling point
Although there is a strong covalent bond within the molecule, there are only weak intermolecular forces between molecules
Describe the structure of diamond
-It has a giant rigid covalent structure
-Each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
-All the strong covalent bonds mean that it is a very hard substance with a very high melting point
Explain how graphite can conduct electricity
One electron from each carbon atom in graphite is delocalised, these delocalised electrons allow graphite to conduct heat and electricity
How does the size of a small molecule affect the strength of the intermolecular forces between molecules
The bigger the molecule, the larger the intermolecular forces
Alkanes contain atoms of which two elements
Carbon and Hydrogen
Which is weak in small molecules, intermolecular bonds or covalent bonds
Intermolecular
Explain why graphite can conduct electricity
Because there are delocalised electrons between the layers which can carry charge
What is graphene
A single layer of graphite
State some properties of graphene
It is very strong, a good thermal and electrical conductor and nearly transparent
What is a metallic bond
A metallic bond is the attraction between the positive ions and the delocalised negatively charged electrons
