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MLB 111 > Chemistry Of The Cell > Flashcards

Chemistry Of The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Ionic bonds arise from?

A

Attractions between ions of opposite charge

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2
Q

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by?

A

Polar covalent bonds

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3
Q

The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

A

Hydrogen bond

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4
Q

Water molecule are able to form hydrogen bonds with?

A

Compounds that have polar covalent bonds

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5
Q

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are what?

A

Non-polar substances that repel water molecules

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6
Q

A strong acid like HCl does what in an aqueous solution?

A

Ionizes completely

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7
Q

Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by?

A

Both donating H+ to a solution when bases are added and accepting H+ when acids are added

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8
Q

What is cis trans isomers?

A

They have variations in arrangements around a double bond

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9
Q 
Which one is not a polymer?
Sucrose 
Starch
Cellulose
Enzymes
DNA
A

Sucrose

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10
Q

What does both starch and cellulose have in common?

A

They are both polymers of glucose

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11
Q

Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?

A

They are not soluble in water

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12
Q

There are 20 different amino acids in proteins, what makes one amino acid different from another?

A

Different side chains ( R groups) attached to the amino groups

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13
Q

Which hydrogen bonds have been found to stabilize a polypeptide’s folded shape?

A

Hydrogen bonds of secondary and tertiary structures

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14
Q

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains most important

A

Tertiary

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15
Q

Is adenine nucleotide mass the same in RNA and DNA?

A

No, false

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16
Q

Are the strands of DNA double helix held together only by hydrogen bonds?

A

Yes, true

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17
Q

Schleiden and Schwann stated the “cell theory” which in modern form says ?

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells are the smallest living thing and all cells arise by division of other cells

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18
Q

What is the capacity to distinguish between two different points called?

A

Resolution

19
Q

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is?

A

The size and the weight of the component

20
Q

Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ration does what?

A

Decreases

21
Q

A basketball has a what surface area to volume ratio compared to a tennis ball?

A

Smaller

22
Q

What is homeostatsis?

A

A feedback system designed to maintain cell systems within an optimal range while responding to environmental or external changes

23
Q

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing what?

A

Proteins

24
Q

A researcher found new cells growing in her tissue cultures, how could she rapidly determine if the cells are prokaryotic?

A

Look for a nucleus

25
Q

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids and steriods?

A

Smooth ER

26
Q

What does not contain functional ribosomes?

A

A nucleolus

27
Q

What is a major cause of the size limits for a certain cell type?

A

The need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell’s metabolic needs

28
Q

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing what in molecules?

A

Proteins

29
Q

Pathway taken by newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by the cell

A

ER, Golgi, vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

30
Q

What does a prokaryotic cell not have?

A

ER

31
Q

Which organelle contain hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?

A

Lysosomes

32
Q

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely to do what?

A

Producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins

33
Q

Who first described cells?

A

Hooke

34
Q

Site of synthesis of proteins that may be exported from cell?

A

Rough ER

35
Q

Organelle that can collect package modify and transport molecules are?

A

Golgi complex

36
Q

Peroxisomes are examples of what?

A

Microbodies

37
Q

Area between the nucleus and plasma membrane

A

Cytoplasm

38
Q

What will decrease the pH of a neutral solution?

A

Acids

39
Q

When does a anti- acid buffer reach its capacity?

A

When its weak base component has been depleted

40
Q

How does a anti acid medication work against heartburn ?

A

It contains buffers that neutralize acids

41
Q

Role of phenol red?

A

pH indicator

42
Q

How does artificial cytoplasm react?

A

Like a buffer

43
Q

When does a buffer work best at maintaining a constant pH?

A

Concentration of acid component = concentration of conjugate base component

44
Q

When is antacid buffer capacity high?

A

Concentration of base in the buffer is high

MLB 111 (1 decks)

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