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Chemistry > Chemistry of Matter > Flashcards

Chemistry of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Elements of Interest for Estheticians;

Creepy Organs Hear Nutty Snakes

A

Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen

Nitrogen Sulfur

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2
Q

Periodic Law

A

Unifying concept used to organize elements and their

similarities

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3
Q

Atomic Number

A

indicates number of protons in a

single particular element; basis for organization

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4
Q

Elements

A

basic units of matter that cannot be

broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction; pure substances

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5
Q

Number of Elements

A

92 Naturally occurring elements in nature

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6
Q

Energy

A

the ability to do work to accomplish some
change
• Changes in matter always involve either gain or
loss of energy

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7
Q

Sublimation

A

solid passing into gaseous state

without melting

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8
Q

Chemical Change

A

Change in a substance that creates a new substance
with different material characteristics from those of the
original substance

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9
Q

Physical Change

A

Change in the physical characteristics of a substance

without creating a new substance possessing a distinct material composition

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10
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space, 3 states of matter

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11
Q

States of Matter

A

Solid: definite weight, volume, shape
Liquid: Def. Weight, Volume, No shape
Gas: Def. Weight, Indefinite Volume and Shape

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12
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

Deals with all matter that is now living or was alive at
one time; study of matter containing carbon, which is
present in all plants and animals

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13
Q

Inorganic Chemistry

A

Deals with matter that was never living; and does not

contain carbon

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14
Q

Biochemistry

A

The study of chemical reactions, such as growth,
reproduction and respiration, that occur within a
living organism;chemicals related to life processes and their reactions
within the body

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15
Q

Chemistry

A

Scientific study of matter; physical and chemical changes
affecting matter and energy changes that accompany these
processes

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16
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest complete unit of an element; each element consists of identical atoms; consist of protons,
neutrons, and electrons

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17
Q

Protons

A

positive electrical charge; number of protons differentiates one element from another

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18
Q

Neutrons

A

no electrical charge; neutrally charged

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19
Q

Electrons

A

negative electrical charge; enable atoms to unite with other atoms to form bonds

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20
Q

Nucleus

A

protons and neutrons packed tightly to

form dense core at the center of the atom

21
Q

Free Electron

A

name given to an electron in the

outermost orbit that is easily moved from its orbit

22
Q

Free Electron Behaviors

A

• If another atom has a shortage of electrons, free
electron will try to move to that atom
• Atoms not missing any electrons in outer shell are
considered stable and electrically neutral
• Unstable atoms are reactive; seek other atoms with
which they can share electrons to complete outer
shell; when they combine they make molecules

23
Q

Molecule

A

When unstable atoms combine chemically by sharing electrons a molecule is formed Smallest particle of a compound; has all the chemical properties of that compound; two or more atoms joined by
chemical bond

24
Q

Molecules

A

two or more of the same atoms joined
together by one or more chemical bonds
• Described using the chemical symbols of each element

25
Q

Compounds

A

Created chemically uniting two different elements
• Compounds formed by the union of individual
elements have their own unique chemical and physical
characteristics
>4 million identified

26
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

Reactions that occur in the outer shell of atoms Occurs when two or more chemicals are mixed
together Oxidation and Reduction

27
Q

Oxidation

A

substance loses an electron; oxygen is required

28
Q

Reduction

A

gains an electron; oxygen is released

29
Q

Ions

A

charged atoms involved in a chemical reaction;
ions attract or repel each other based on their positive or
negative charge

30
Q

Ionic bond

A

when positive and negative ions join, they

are held together by an ionic bond

31
Q

Covalent bond

A

if no trading is taking place and the
atoms are sharing the electrons, they are held together by
a covalent bond

32
Q

Chemical bonds

A

forces that hold atoms together in

compounds

33
Q

3 Major Biochemical Compound Groups

A

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids

34
Q

Proteins

A

basic materials the body uses to construct and renew itself

35
Q

Enzymes

A

materials that dissolve and break down large

molecules into smaller ones

36
Q

Amino acid

A

compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen,

hydrogen and nitrogen; join together to form protein chains in 2 ways Peptide Bond and Polypeptide Chain

37
Q

Peptide bond

A

a bond uniting two amino acid groups; bond forms when two amino acids are positioned end-to-end causing the acid end of one to attach to amino end of another

38
Q

Polypeptide chain

A

thousands of amino acids

connected lengthwise to form a chain

39
Q

Monomers

A

basic building-block molecules; serve

as building blocks that connect with each other to form larger, more complex compounds

40
Q

Polymers

A

groups of monomers that bond together

41
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Used by the body to store energy; play a key role in metabolism; examples of monomers and polymers found in the body; Molecules containing carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
oxygen (O)

42
Q

4 Names of Carbohydrates/ Saccharides

A

Saccharide; Monosaccharide; Disaccharides; Polysaccharides

43
Q

Saccharide

A

simple unit of a carbohydrate

44
Q

Monosaccharide

A

a single saccharide

45
Q

Disaccharides

A

two saccharides linked together

46
Q

Polysaccharides

A

many saccharides linked

together

47
Q

Lipids

A

Lipids are made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) and are not formed by the linkage of basic molecule units

48
Q

Lipid Functions

A

Synthesized by the body and used in many biological functions; Fill in intercellular spaces in the skin; Triglycerides, fats and steroids are all examples of lipids

Chemistry (2 decks)

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